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Croatian MFA dictionary v2.0.0#

  • Maintainer: Montreal Forced Aligner

  • Language: Serbo-Croatian

  • Dialect: N/A

  • Phone set: MFA

  • Number of words: 39,653

  • Phones: a aː aː˦˨ aː˨˦ a˦˨ a˨˦ b dʐ dʑ d̪ e eː eː˦˨ eː˨˦ e˦˨ e˨˦ f i iː iː˦˨ iː˨˦ i˦˨ i˨˦ j k l m n o oː oː˦˨ oː˨˦ o˦˨ o˨˦ p r rː r̩ r̩ː˦˨ r̩ː˨˦ r̩˦˨ r̩˨˦ s̪ tɕ tʂ t̪ t̪s̪ u uː uː˦˨ uː˨˦ u˦˨ u˨˦ v x z̪ ɕ ɡ ɲ ʂ ʎ ʐ ʑ

  • License: CC BY 4.0

  • Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0

  • Citation:

@techreport{mfa_croatian_mfa_dictionary_2022,
	author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	title={Croatian MFA dictionary v2.0.0},
	address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Croatian/Croatian MFA dictionary v2_0_0.html}},
	year={2022},
	month={Mar},
}

G2P models

Acoustic models
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Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary croatian_mfa

Or download from the release page.

The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the plain dictionary.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Serbo-Croatian transcripts.

This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Croatian, and was used in training the Croatian MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner

Labial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Retroflex

Palatal

Velar

Nasal
Occurrences:
9,333
Examples:
* magma:
[m a˨˦ ɡ m a]
* jamči:
[j a˦˨ m tʂ i]
* tulum:
[t̪ u˨˦ l u m]
* burma:
[b uː˦˨ r m a]
Occurrences:
20,674
Examples:
* ladan:
[l aː˨˦ d̪ a n]
* venac:
[v eː˨˦ n a t̪s̪]
* novac:
[n o˨˦ v a t̪s̪]
* jean:
[j e˨˦ aː n]
Occurrences:
2,371
Examples:
* manja:
[m a ɲ a]
* njeni:
[ɲ e˨˦ n iː]
* njem:
[ɲ e˦˨ m]
* munja:
[m uː˨˦ ɲ a]

Stop
Occurrences:
10,522
Examples:
* priča:
[p r iː˦˨ tʂ a]
* petar:
[p e˨˦ t̪ a r]
* lopar:
[l o˨˦ p aː r]
* papom:
[p a˦˨ p oː m]
Occurrences:
5,318
Examples:
* club:
[t̪s̪ l u b]
* baba:
[b a˦˨ b a]
* gabor:
[ɡ aː˦˨ b o r]
* burma:
[b uː˦˨ r m a]
Occurrences:
20,370
Examples:
* petar:
[p e˨˦ t̪ a r]
* orati:
[o˨˦ r a t̪ i]
* kata:
[k a t̪ a]
* kuta:
[k uː˨˦ t̪ a]
Occurrences:
8,678
Examples:
* ladan:
[l aː˨˦ d̪ a n]
* osuda:
[o˦˨ s̪ u d̪ a]
* drže:
[d̪ r̩˨˦ ʐ eː]
* duga:
[d̪ uː˨˦ ɡ a]
Occurrences:
12,670
Examples:
* šaka:
[ʂ a˦˨ k a]
* kata:
[k a t̪ a]
* kenzo:
[k e˦˨ n z̪ o]
* kuta:
[k uː˨˦ t̪ a]
Occurrences:
4,907
Examples:
* magma:
[m a˨˦ ɡ m a]
* grana:
[ɡ r aː˨˦ n a]
* duga:
[d̪ uː˨˦ ɡ a]
* gabor:
[ɡ aː˦˨ b o r]

Affricate
Occurrences:
4,150
Examples:
* carlo:
[t̪s̪ a˦˨ r l o]
* venac:
[v eː˨˦ n a t̪s̪]
* novac:
[n o˨˦ v a t̪s̪]
* club:
[t̪s̪ l u b]
Occurrences:
1,828
Examples:
* božić:
[b o˨˦ ʐ i tɕ]
* nosić:
[n o˨˦ s̪ i tɕ]
* ćuran:
[tɕ u˨˦ r aː n]
* ćup:
[tɕ u˦˨ p]
Occurrences:
687
Examples:
* vjeđa:
[v j e˦˨ dʑ a]
* pređa:
[p r e˦˨ dʑ a]
* žeđ:
[ʐ eː˦˨ dʑ]
* đavao:
[dʑ a˦˨ v a o]

Sibilant
Occurrences:
14,671
Examples:
* osuda:
[o˦˨ s̪ u d̪ a]
* slici:
[s̪ l i˨˦ t̪s̪ i]
* elzas:
[e˨˦ l z̪ a s̪]
* sferi:
[s̪ f e˨˦ r i]
Occurrences:
6,062
Examples:
* kenzo:
[k e˦˨ n z̪ o]
* elzas:
[e˨˦ l z̪ a s̪]
* uzdah:
[u˦˨ z̪ d̪ aː x]
* čizma:
[tʂ i˦˨ z̪ m a]
Occurrences:
3,471
Examples:
* šaka:
[ʂ a˦˨ k a]
* šanac:
[ʂ a˦˨ n a t̪s̪]
* štab:
[ʂ t̪ aː˦˨ b]
* lemeš:
[l e˨˦ m e ʂ]
Occurrences:
1,782
Examples:
* drže:
[d̪ r̩˨˦ ʐ eː]
* užoj:
[u˨˦ ʐ o j]
* božić:
[b o˨˦ ʐ i tɕ]
* ženik:
[ʐ e˨˦ n iː k]
Occurrences:
395
Examples:
* sjera:
[ɕ e˦˨ r a]
* sjati:
[ɕ a˦˨ t̪ i]
* gošća:
[ɡ o˨˦ ɕ tɕ a]
* sijed:
[ɕ eː˦˨ d̪]
Occurrences:
55
Examples:
* dežđ:
[d̪ e ʑ dʑ]
* zjena:
[ʑ e˦˨ n a]
* kozji:
[k o˦˨ ʑ iː]

Fricative
Occurrences:
1,314
Examples:
* sferi:
[s̪ f e˨˦ r i]
* fokus:
[f oː˨˦ k u s̪]
* kifla:
[k iː˨˦ f l a]
* kofer:
[k o˨˦ f e r]
Occurrences:
11,740
Examples:
* venac:
[v eː˨˦ n a t̪s̪]
* novac:
[n o˨˦ v a t̪s̪]
* vlado:
[v l aː˨˦ d̪ o]
* vjeđa:
[v j e˦˨ dʑ a]

Approximant
Occurrences:
8,108
Examples:
* jamči:
[j a˦˨ m tʂ i]
* jean:
[j e˨˦ aː n]
* užoj:
[u˨˦ ʐ o j]
* vjeđa:
[v j e˦˨ dʑ a]

Trill
Occurrences:
19,425
Examples:
* priča:
[p r iː˦˨ tʂ a]
* carlo:
[t̪s̪ a˦˨ r l o]
* petar:
[p e˨˦ t̪ a r]
* orati:
[o˨˦ r a t̪ i]
Occurrences:
32
Examples:
* ubrzo:
[u˦˨ b rː z̪ o]
Occurrences:
322
Examples:
* prvih:
[p r̩˨˦ v i x]
* mrkov:
[m r̩˨˦ k o v]
* prka:
[p r̩˨˦ k a]
* drže:
[d̪ r̩˨˦ ʐ eː]
Occurrences:
169
Examples:
* brko:
[b r̩ː˨˦ k o]
* tvrd:
[t̪ v r̩ː˦˨ d̪]
* krpež:
[k r̩ː˨˦ p e ʐ]
* vrsta:
[v r̩ː˨˦ s̪ t̪ a]

Lateral
Occurrences:
10,376
Examples:
* ladan:
[l aː˨˦ d̪ a n]
* carlo:
[t̪s̪ a˦˨ r l o]
* club:
[t̪s̪ l u b]
* slici:
[s̪ l i˨˦ t̪s̪ i]
Occurrences:
2,460
Examples:
* ključ:
[k ʎ uː˦˨ tʂ]
* ljude:
[ʎ u˨˦ d̪ e]
* polje:
[p o˦˨ ʎ e]
* ljut:
[ʎ uː˦˨ t̪]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Front

Near-Front

Central

Near-Back

Back

Close
Occurrences:
22,690
Examples:
* jamči:
[j a˦˨ m tʂ i]
* orati:
[o˨˦ r a t̪ i]
* slici:
[s̪ l i˨˦ t̪s̪ i]
* sferi:
[s̪ f e˨˦ r i]
Occurrences:
7,877
Examples:
* marki:
[m a˦˨ r k iː]
* kifla:
[k iː˨˦ f l a]
* irski:
[iː˦˨ r s̪ k iː]
* zbiva:
[z̪ b iː˨˦ v a]
Occurrences:
6,235
Examples:
* osuda:
[o˦˨ s̪ u d̪ a]
* club:
[t̪s̪ l u b]
* tulum:
[t̪ u˨˦ l u m]
* vodu:
[v o d̪ u]
Occurrences:
990
Examples:
* ključ:
[k ʎ uː˦˨ tʂ]
* burma:
[b uː˦˨ r m a]
* tup:
[t̪ uː˦˨ p]
* buku:
[b u˦˨ k uː]

Close-Mid
Occurrences:
16,972
Examples:
* elzas:
[e˨˦ l z̪ a s̪]
* sonde:
[s̪ o n d̪ e]
* jean:
[j e˨˦ aː n]
* sferi:
[s̪ f e˨˦ r i]
Occurrences:
2,029
Examples:
* drže:
[d̪ r̩˨˦ ʐ eː]
* akter:
[a˨˦ k t̪ eː r]
* space:
[s̪ p a˦˨ t̪s̪ eː]
* npr:
[e n p eː e r]
Occurrences:
22,565
Examples:
* osuda:
[o˦˨ s̪ u d̪ a]
* carlo:
[t̪s̪ a˦˨ r l o]
* lopar:
[l o˨˦ p aː r]
* kenzo:
[k e˦˨ n z̪ o]
Occurrences:
3,347
Examples:
* papom:
[p a˦˨ p oː m]
* mojih:
[m oː˨˦ j i x]
* tore:
[t̪ oː˦˨ r e]
* vagon:
[v a˨˦ ɡ oː n]

Open-Mid

Open
Occurrences:
24,563
Examples:
* ladan:
[l aː˨˦ d̪ a n]
* magma:
[m a˨˦ ɡ m a]
* osuda:
[o˦˨ s̪ u d̪ a]
* priča:
[p r iː˦˨ tʂ a]
Occurrences:
3,936
Examples:
* jean:
[j e˨˦ aː n]
* lopar:
[l o˨˦ p aː r]
* aras:
[a˨˦ r aː s̪]
* uzdah:
[u˦˨ z̪ d̪ aː x]

Tones#

  • ˦˨

  • ˨˦

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