Croatian MFA dictionary v2.0.0a#

Maintainer: Montreal Forced Aligner
Language: Serbo-Croatian
Dialect: N/A
Phone set: MFA
Number of words: 61,060
Phones: a aː aː˦˨ aː˨˦ a˦˨ a˨˦ b dʐ dʑ d̪ e eː eː˦˨ eː˨˦ e˦˨ e˨˦ f i iː iː˦˨ iː˨˦ i˦˨ i˨˦ j k l m n o oː oː˦˨ oː˨˦ o˦˨ o˨˦ p r rː r̩ r̩ː˦˨ r̩ː˨˦ r̩˦˨ r̩˨˦ s̪ tɕ tʂ t̪ t̪s̪ u uː uː˦˨ uː˨˦ u˦˨ u˨˦ x z̪ ŋ ɕ ɡ ɱ ɲ ʂ ʋ ʎ ʐ ʑ
License: CC BY 4.0
Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0
Citation:

@techreport{mfa_croatian_mfa_dictionary_2022,
	author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	title={Croatian MFA dictionary v2.0.0a},
	address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Croatian/Croatian MFA dictionary v2_0_0a.html}},
	year={2022},
	month={May},
}

If you have comments or questions about this dictionary or its phone set, you can check previous MFA model discussion posts or create a new one.

G2P models

Croatian MFA G2P model v2.0.0a

Acoustic models

Croatian MFA acoustic model v2.0.0a

Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary croatian_mfa

Or download from the release page.

The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the plain dictionary.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Serbo-Croatian transcripts.

This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Croatian, and was used in training the Croatian MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Tones#

˦˨
˨˦

Manner	Labial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m Occurrences: 16,316 Examples: * perom: [p e ˨ ˦ r o ː m] * jamb: [j a ˦ ˨ m b] * izumi: [i z ̪ u ˨ ˦ m i] * tonim: [t ̪ o ˨ ˦ n i ː m]	ɱ Occurrences: 28 Examples: * nimfa: [n i ː ˦ ˨ ɱ f a] * limfa: [l i ː ˦ ˨ ɱ f a]		n Occurrences: 33,039 Examples: * nema: [n e ː ˨ ˦ m a] * kajin: [k a ˨ ˦ j i n] * sitni: [s ̪ i ˨ ˦ t ̪ n i ː] * rani: [r a ˦ ˨ n i]		ɲ Occurrences: 4,577 Examples: * njome: [ɲ o ː ˨ ˦ m e] * inje: [i ː ˦ ˨ ɲ e] * njenu: [ɲ e ː ˦ ˨ n u] * krnja: [k r ̩ ˦ ˨ ɲ a]	ŋ Occurrences: 732 Examples: * tanku: [t ̪ a ˨ ˦ ŋ k u] * dinka: [d ̪ i ː ŋ k a] * konga: [k o ˨ ˦ ŋ ɡ a] * lange: [l a ː ˨ ˦ ŋ ɡ e]
Stop	p Occurrences: 16,818 Examples: * pusta: [p u ː ˨ ˦ s ̪ t ̪ a] * pseto: [p s ̪ e ˦ ˨ t ̪ o] * pak: [p a ˦ ˨ k] * pauk: [p a ˦ ˨ u ː k] b Occurrences: 7,542 Examples: * urban: [u ˦ ˨ r b a ː n] * blato: [b l a ˦ ˨ t ̪ o] * bržeg: [b r ʐ e ː ɡ] * bazi: [b a ˨ ˦ z ̪ i]		t̪ Occurrences: 29,543 Examples: * sat: [s ̪ a ː ˦ ˨ t ̪] * stati: [s ̪ t ̪ a ː ˦ ˨ t ̪ i] * tužna: [t ̪ u ː ˨ ˦ ʐ n a] * zet: [z ̪ e ː t ̪] d̪ Occurrences: 13,369 Examples: * otkad: [o ˨ ˦ t ̪ k a d ̪] * pad: [p a ː ˦ ˨ d ̪] * sulud: [s ̪ u ˦ ˨ l u ː d ̪] * odjel: [o ˨ ˦ d ̪ j e l]				k Occurrences: 18,672 Examples: * lokum: [l o ˨ ˦ k u m] * rekao: [r e ˦ ˨ k a o] * kuka: [k u ˦ ˨ k a] * kip: [k i ː ˦ ˨ p] ɡ Occurrences: 8,045 Examples: * zagar: [z ̪ a ˨ ˦ ɡ a ː r] * gužva: [ɡ u ː ˦ ˨ ʐ ʋ a] * got: [ɡ o ˦ ˨ t ̪] * grana: [ɡ r a ː ˨ ˦ n a]
Affricate			t̪s̪ Occurrences: 6,264 Examples: * obuci: [o b u ː ˨ ˦ t ̪ s ̪ i ː] * caklo: [t ̪ s ̪ a ˨ ˦ k l o] * kuca: [k u ː ˨ ˦ t ̪ s ̪ a] * slici: [s ̪ l i ˨ ˦ t ̪ s ̪ i]			tɕ Occurrences: 2,324 Examples: * smaći: [s ̪ m a ˦ ˨ t ɕ i] * ćorić: [t ɕ o ˦ ˨ r i t ɕ] * speći: [s ̪ p e ˦ ˨ t ɕ i] * ganić: [ɡ a ˨ ˦ n i t ɕ] dʑ Occurrences: 922 Examples: * đak: [d ʑ a ː ˦ ˨ k] * prođu: [p r o ˦ ˨ d ʑ u] * žeđ: [ʐ e ː ˦ ˨ d ʑ] * veđa: [ʋ e ˦ ˨ d ʑ a]
Sibilant			s̪ Occurrences: 22,216 Examples: * svrha: [s ̪ ʋ r ̩ ˨ ˦ x a] * slati: [s ̪ l a ˦ ˨ t ̪ i] * stroe: [s ̪ t ̪ r o ˨ ˦ e ː] * sena: [s ̪ e ˦ ˨ n a] z̪ Occurrences: 9,365 Examples: * zapao: [z ̪ a ˨ ˦ p a o] * zboj: [z ̪ b o ˦ ˨ j] * berza: [b e ˦ ˨ r z ̪ a] * jeza: [j e ː ˨ ˦ z ̪ a]		ʂ Occurrences: 4,315 Examples: * krši: [k r ̩ ˨ ˦ ʂ i] * peške: [p e ˦ ˨ ʂ k e ː] * muško: [m u ʂ k o] * sijač: [s ̪ i ˨ ˦ j a ː t ʂ] ʐ Occurrences: 2,375 Examples: * žaga: [ʐ a ː ˨ ˦ ɡ a] * žedno: [ʐ e ː ˦ ˨ d ̪ n o] * živac: [ʐ i ˨ ˦ ʋ a t ̪ s ̪] * težio: [t ̪ e ʐ i o]	ɕ Occurrences: 629 Examples: * većoj: [ʋ e ˦ ˨ t ɕ o ː j] * veću: [ʋ e ː ˨ ˦ t ɕ u] * speći: [s ̪ p e ˦ ˨ t ɕ i] * obući: [o ˨ ˦ b u ː t ɕ i] ʑ Occurrences: 64 Examples: * ruđer: [r u d ʑ e r] * luđak: [l u ˨ ˦ d ʑ a ː k] * svađa: [s ̪ ʋ a ˦ ˨ d ʑ a] * tuđ: [t ̪ u ˦ ˨ d ʑ]
Fricative		f Occurrences: 2,100 Examples: * fassi: [f a s ̪ i ː] * mmf: [e m e m e f] * mufti: [m u f t ̪ i] * fbi: [e f b e ː i]
Approximant		ʋ Occurrences: 17,962 Examples: * valom: [ʋ a ˦ ˨ l o m] * vjeni: [ʋ j e ˦ ˨ n i] * vani: [ʋ a ˨ ˦ n i] * uvati: [u ː ˨ ˦ ʋ a t ̪ i]				j Occurrences: 13,662 Examples: * jage: [j a ˦ ˨ ɡ e] * južno: [j u ˦ ˨ ʐ n o] * majer: [m a ˦ ˨ j e r] * azija: [a ː ˦ ˨ z ̪ i j a]
Trill				r Occurrences: 31,115 Examples: * krenu: [k r e ː ˨ ˦ n u] * graja: [ɡ r a ː ˨ ˦ j a] * marva: [m a ː ˦ ˨ r ʋ a] * rtanj: [r ̩ ˦ ˨ t ̪ a ɲ] rː Occurrences: 39 Examples: * ubrzo: [u ˦ ˨ b r ː z ̪ o] r̩ Occurrences: 744 Examples: * zrnu: [z ̪ r ̩ ˨ ˦ n u] * mršav: [m r ̩ ˦ ˨ ʂ a ʋ] * uštrb: [u ʂ t ̪ r ̩ ˨ ˦ b] * držao: [d ̪ r ̩ ˨ ˦ ʐ a o] r̩ː Occurrences: 223 Examples: * čvrst: [t ʂ ʋ r ̩ ː ˦ ˨ s ̪ t ̪] * krzno: [k r ̩ ː ˨ ˦ z ̪ n o] * brk: [b r ̩ ː ˦ ˨ k] * zrnje: [z ̪ r ̩ ː ˦ ˨ ɲ e]
Lateral				l Occurrences: 16,211 Examples: * vila: [ʋ i ː ˨ ˦ l a] * lag: [l a ː ˦ ˨ ɡ] * kemal: [k e ˨ ˦ m a ː l] * pile: [p i ˦ ˨ l e]		ʎ Occurrences: 3,881 Examples: * bolje: [b o ˦ ˨ ʎ e ː] * volji: [ʋ o ˦ ˨ ʎ i ː] * volju: [ʋ o ː ˦ ˨ ʎ u] * eljom: [e ˦ ˨ ʎ o m]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i Occurrences: 41,878 Examples: * ivi: [i ˦ ˨ ʋ i] * fifa: [f i ˦ ˨ f a] * smio: [s ̪ m i ˨ ˦ o] * times: [t ̪ i ˦ ˨ m e s ̪] iː Occurrences: 13,400 Examples: * svib: [s ̪ ʋ i ː ˦ ˨ b] * iji: [i j i ː] * kijac: [k i ː ˨ ˦ j a t ̪ s ̪] * pitka: [p i ː ˨ ˦ t ̪ k a]		u Occurrences: 16,621 Examples: * sudom: [s ̪ u ˨ ˦ d ̪ o m] * mučan: [m u ˦ ˨ t ʂ a n] * truca: [t ̪ r u ˦ ˨ t ̪ s ̪ a] * njenu: [ɲ e ː ˦ ˨ n u] uː Occurrences: 2,879 Examples: * očuva: [o t ʂ u ː ˨ ˦ ʋ a] * utnju: [u ː ˨ ˦ t ̪ ɲ u] * ključ: [k ʎ u ː ˦ ˨ t ʂ] * ejup: [e j u ː p]

Close-Mid	e Occurrences: 32,642 Examples: * nedae: [n e ˦ ˨ d ̪ a e] * želji: [ʐ e ˦ ˨ ʎ i ː] * zarez: [z ̪ a r e z ̪] * lelek: [l e ˦ ˨ l e ː k] eː Occurrences: 6,714 Examples: * kamen: [k a ˦ ˨ m e ː n] * šutke: [ʂ u ː ˨ ˦ t ̪ k e ː] * greda: [ɡ r e ː ˨ ˦ d ̪ a] * leska: [l e ː ˨ ˦ s ̪ k a]		o Occurrences: 36,724 Examples: * sobe: [s ̪ o ˦ ˨ b e] * ulože: [u l o ˨ ˦ ʐ e] * moji: [m o ˦ ˨ j i ː] * uvozu: [u ː ˨ ˦ ʋ o z ̪ u] oː Occurrences: 5,323 Examples: * tone: [t ̪ o ː ˨ ˦ n e] * torta: [t ̪ o ː ˦ ˨ r t ̪ a] * bolno: [b o ː ˦ ˨ l n o] * zone: [z ̪ o ː ˨ ˦ n e]

Open-Mid

Open		a Occurrences: 46,368 Examples: * tanap: [t ̪ a ˨ ˦ n a ː p] * paša: [p a ˦ ˨ ʂ a] * latin: [l a ˨ ˦ t ̪ i ː n] * akšam: [a ˨ ˦ k ʂ a m] aː Occurrences: 14,263 Examples: * utaji: [u t ̪ a ː ˨ ˦ j i ː] * daća: [d ̪ a ː ˨ ˦ t ɕ a] * arija: [a ː ˦ ˨ r i j a] * tajga: [t ̪ a ː ˦ ˨ j ɡ a]