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Hausa MFA dictionary v2.0.0#

  • Maintainer: Montreal Forced Aligner

  • Language: Hausa

  • Dialect: N/A

  • Phone set: MFA

  • Number of words: 6,676

  • Phones: aj˥ aj˥˦ aj˩ aw˥ aw˥˦ aw˩ aː˥ aː˥˦ aː˩ a˥ a˥˦ a˩ b c cʼ d dʒ eː˥ eː˥˦ eː˩ e˥ e˥˦ e˩ h iː˥ iː˥˦ iː˩ j j̰ k kʷ kʷʼ kʼ l m n oː˥ oː˥˦ oː˩ o˥ o˩ p r s sʼ t tʃ uː˥ uː˥˦ uː˩ w z ŋ ɓ ɔ˥ ɔ˩ ɗ ə˥ ə˩ ɛ˥ ɛ˥˦ ɛ˩ ɟ ɡ ɡʷ ɪ˥ ɪ˥˦ ɪ˩ ɲ ɸ ɽ ʃ ʊ˥ ʊ˥˦ ʊ˩ ʔ

  • License: CC BY 4.0

  • Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0

  • Citation:

@techreport{mfa_hausa_mfa_dictionary_2022,
	author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	title={Hausa MFA dictionary v2.0.0},
	address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Hausa/Hausa MFA dictionary v2_0_0.html}},
	year={2022},
	month={Mar},
}

G2P models

Acoustic models
../../_images/full_logo_yellow.svg

Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary hausa_mfa

Or download from the release page.

The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the plain dictionary.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Hausa transcripts.

This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Hausa, and was used in training the Hausa MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner

Labial

Alveolar

Alveopalatal

Retroflex

Palatal

Velar

Glottal

Nasal
Occurrences:
1,516
Examples:
* komo:
[kʷ oː˥ m oː˥]
* meg:
[m eː˥ ɡ]
* miƙe:
[m ɪ˥ cʼ eː˩]
* gamu:
[ɡ aː˥ m ʊ˩]
Occurrences:
1,703
Examples:
* anzu:
[ʔ a˩ n z ɪ˩]
* hana:
[h aː˥ n aː˩]
* ɗina:
[ɗ ɪ˥ n aː˩]
* anaca:
[ʔ a˩ n ə˩ tʃ ə˩]
Occurrences:
106
Examples:
* tsiya:
[sʼ ɪ˥ ɲ j aː˥]
* yanyi:
[j ɛ˥ ɲ j iː˥]
* hange:
[h ɛ˥ ɲ ɟ eː˥]
* sanye:
[s ɛ˥ ɲ j eː˥]
Occurrences:
1,559
Examples:
* jin:
[dʒ ɪ˥ ŋ]
* sojan:
[s oː˥ dʒ a˥ ŋ]
* ilmin:
[ʔ ɪ˥ l m ɪ˥ ŋ]
* nufin:
[n ɪ˥ ɸ ɪ˩ ŋ]

Stop Plain
Occurrences:
83
Examples:
* pan:
[p a˥˦ ŋ]
* trump:
[t ɽ ɪ˥ m p]
* pine:
[p ɪ˩ n e˥]
* bappa:
[b a˥ p p ə˩]
Occurrences:
1,026
Examples:
* bas:
[b a˥˦ s]
* binta:
[b ɪ˥ n t ə˩]
* bude:
[b ʊ˩ d e˩]
* abin:
[ʔ a˩ b ɪ˩ ŋ]
Occurrences:
1,276
Examples:
* fita:
[ɸ ɪ˩ t aː˥]
* binta:
[b ɪ˥ n t ə˩]
* atiku:
[ʔ a˩ t ɪ˩ kʷ ʊ˩]
* taha:
[t ə˥ h aː˩]
Occurrences:
991
Examples:
* gada:
[ɡ ə˥ d aː˩]
* ƙundu:
[kʷʼ ʊ˩ n d uː˥]
* hadu:
[h a˩ d ɪ˩]
* bude:
[b ʊ˩ d e˩]
Occurrences:
469
Examples:
* kyale:
[c ɛ˥ l eː˩]
* dake:
[d ə˩ c eː˥]
* kek:
[c eː˥ k]
* ken:
[c eː˥ ŋ]
Occurrences:
159
Examples:
* rage:
[r ə˥ ɟ eː˥]
* bige:
[b ɪ˥ ɟ e˥]
* begen:
[b a˥ ɟ eː˥ ŋ]
* kogon:
[kʷ oː˩ ɟ ɔ˩ ŋ]
Occurrences:
901
Examples:
* kauce:
[k aw˥ tʃ eː˩]
* mukai:
[m uː˥ k aj˥]
* kek:
[c eː˥ k]
* nunka:
[n ɪ˩ ŋ k aː˥]
Occurrences:
359
Examples:
* gada:
[ɡ ə˥ d aː˩]
* meg:
[m eː˥ ɡ]
* gaɗa:
[ɡ ə˥ ɗ aː˩]
* loga:
[l oː˥ ɡ aː˩]
Occurrences:
910
Examples:
* anzu:
[ʔ a˩ n z ɪ˩]
* anaca:
[ʔ a˩ n ə˩ tʃ ə˩]
* ilmin:
[ʔ ɪ˥ l m ɪ˥ ŋ]
* atiku:
[ʔ a˩ t ɪ˩ kʷ ʊ˩]

Implosive
Occurrences:
67
Examples:
* haɓa:
[h a˥ ɓ aː˩]
* zaɓin:
[z aː˥ ɓ ɪ˩ ŋ]
* goɓe:
[ɡʷ oː˩ ɓ e˩]
* karɓi:
[k a˥ r ɓ ɪ˩]
Occurrences:
145
Examples:
* ɗina:
[ɗ ɪ˥ n aː˩]
* gaɗa:
[ɡ ə˥ ɗ aː˩]
* faɗi:
[ɸ aː˥ ɗ iː˥]
* ɗa'a:
[ɗ aː˥ ʔ aː˩]

Affricate
Occurrences:
475
Examples:
* kauce:
[k aw˥ tʃ eː˩]
* anaca:
[ʔ a˩ n ə˩ tʃ ə˩]
* soci:
[s oː˥ tʃ ɪ˩]
* cao:
[tʃ o˥]
Occurrences:
488
Examples:
* jaje:
[dʒ aː˥ dʒ e˩]
* jin:
[dʒ ɪ˥ ŋ]
* sojan:
[s oː˥ dʒ a˥ ŋ]
* jawur:
[dʒ aː˩ w ʊ˥ r]

Sibilant Plain
Occurrences:
1,288
Examples:
* sauƙi:
[s aw˩ cʼ iː˩]
* bas:
[b a˥˦ s]
* sojan:
[s oː˥ dʒ a˥ ŋ]
* sura:
[s uː˥ r aː˩]
Occurrences:
328
Examples:
* anzu:
[ʔ a˩ n z ɪ˩]
* gwaza:
[ɡʷ aː˥ z aː˥]
* zaɓin:
[z aː˥ ɓ ɪ˩ ŋ]
* zemin:
[z eː˥ m ɪ˥ ŋ]
Occurrences:
399
Examples:
* sashi:
[s ə˩ ʃ iː˥]
* sheƙa:
[ʃ eː˩ kʼ aː˩]
* sha:
[ʃ ə˥]
* toh:
[t oː˥ ʃ]

Ejective
Occurrences:
195
Examples:
* yatsu:
[j aː˥ sʼ uː˥]
* tsiya:
[sʼ ɪ˥ ɲ j aː˥]
* tsit:
[sʼ ɪ˥ t]
* tsaya:
[sʼ ɛ˥ j aː˩]

Fricative
Occurrences:
630
Examples:
* fita:
[ɸ ɪ˩ t aː˥]
* faɗi:
[ɸ aː˥ ɗ iː˥]
* nufin:
[n ɪ˥ ɸ ɪ˩ ŋ]
* feng:
[ɸ ɛ˥ ŋ]
Occurrences:
655
Examples:
* hana:
[h aː˥ n aː˩]
* hali:
[h aː˥ l iː˥]
* hadu:
[h a˩ d ɪ˩]
* haɓa:
[h a˥ ɓ aː˩]

Approximant
Occurrences:
831
Examples:
* jawur:
[dʒ aː˩ w ʊ˥ r]
* jawad:
[dʒ ə˩ w aː˥ d]
* wayo:
[w aː˥ j oː˥˦]
* bawa:
[b aː˥ w aː˩]
Occurrences:
1,044
Examples:
* yuli:
[j uː˥ l ɪ˩]
* rayar:
[ɽ aː˩ j ɛ˥ r]
* yana:
[j aː˥ n aː˩]
* koya:
[kʷ oː˩ j aː˩]

Tap
Occurrences:
742
Examples:
* roger:
[ɽ oː˥ ɡʷ eː˥ r]
* kurma:
[kʷ ʊ˥ ɽ m aː˥]
* ƙarar:
[kʼ ə˩ ɽ r]
* rayar:
[ɽ aː˩ j ɛ˥ r]

Trill
Occurrences:
1,679
Examples:
* roger:
[ɽ oː˥ ɡʷ eː˥ r]
* ƙafar:
[kʼ ə˥ ɸ a˩ r]
* jawur:
[dʒ aː˩ w ʊ˥ r]
* sura:
[s uː˥ r aː˩]

Lateral
Occurrences:
1,135
Examples:
* yuli:
[j uː˥ l ɪ˩]
* loga:
[l oː˥ ɡ aː˩]
* hali:
[h aː˥ l iː˥]
* lao:
[l a˥ o˥]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Front

Near-Front

Central

Near-Back

Back

Close
Occurrences:
1,257
Examples:
* buri:
[b ʊ˩ r iː˩]
* kari:
[k ə˩ r iː˥]
* tasi:
[t aː˩ s iː˥˦]
* sauti:
[s aw˥ t iː˩]
Occurrences:
520
Examples:
* huhu:
[h uː˥ h uː˩]
* you:
[j oː˥˦ uː˩]
* hula:
[h uː˩ l aː˥]
* ƙundu:
[kʷʼ ʊ˩ n d uː˥]
Occurrences:
3,012
Examples:
* hadu:
[h a˩ d ɪ˩]
* ɗina:
[ɗ ɪ˥ n aː˩]
* yuli:
[j uː˥ l ɪ˩]
* binta:
[b ɪ˥ n t ə˩]
Occurrences:
1,010
Examples:
* jawur:
[dʒ aː˩ w ʊ˥ r]
* juna:
[dʒ ʊ˩ n aː˥]
* ƙundu:
[kʷʼ ʊ˩ n d uː˥]
* gamu:
[ɡ aː˥ m ʊ˩]

Close-Mid
Occurrences:
183
Examples:
* bude:
[b ʊ˩ d e˩]
* bige:
[b ɪ˥ ɟ e˥]
* sef:
[s e˥˦ ɸ]
* guje:
[ɡʷ ʊ˩ dʒ e˩]
Occurrences:
869
Examples:
* miƙe:
[m ɪ˥ cʼ eː˩]
* dake:
[d ə˩ c eː˥]
* roger:
[ɽ oː˥ ɡʷ eː˥ r]
* meg:
[m eː˥ ɡ]
Occurrences:
88
Examples:
* fasfo:
[ɸ a˩ s ɸ o˥]
* faɗo:
[ɸ aː˥ ɗ o˩]
* diego:
[d ɪ˥ eː˥ ɡʷ o˩]
* ceto:
[tʃ eː˩ t o˥]
Occurrences:
950
Examples:
* iyo:
[ʔ ɪ˩ j oː˥˦]
* sojan:
[s oː˥ dʒ a˥ ŋ]
* koya:
[kʷ oː˩ j aː˩]
* you:
[j oː˥˦ uː˩]
Occurrences:
2,453
Examples:
* gaɗa:
[ɡ ə˥ ɗ aː˩]
* taha:
[t ə˥ h aː˩]
* gada:
[ɡ ə˥ d aː˩]
* binta:
[b ɪ˥ n t ə˩]

Open-Mid
Occurrences:
454
Examples:
* kyale:
[c ɛ˥ l eː˩]
* biyan:
[b ɪ˥ j ɛ˩ ŋ]
* rayar:
[ɽ aː˩ j ɛ˥ r]
* yakan:
[j ɛ˥ k a˩ ŋ]
Occurrences:
55
Examples:
* sol:
[s ɔ˥ l]
* dokar:
[d ɔ˥ k a˩ r]
* manjo:
[m a˥ n dʒ ɔ˩]
* gabon:
[ɡ ə˥ b ɔ˩ ŋ]

Open
Occurrences:
2,650
Examples:
* ƙafar:
[kʼ ə˥ ɸ a˩ r]
* anzu:
[ʔ a˩ n z ɪ˩]
* anaca:
[ʔ a˩ n ə˩ tʃ ə˩]
* haɓa:
[h a˥ ɓ aː˩]
Occurrences:
3,783
Examples:
* abada:
[ʔ a˩ b ə˩ d aː˥˦]
* iraƙi:
[ʔ ɪ˩ r aː˥˦ cʼ ɪ˩]
* ɗina:
[ɗ ɪ˥ n aː˩]
* asuba:
[ʔ a˩ s ɪ˩ b aː˥˦]

Diphthongs#

  • aj

  • aw

Tones#

  • ˥

  • ˥˦

  • ˩

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