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Russian MFA dictionary v2.0.0a#

  • Maintainer: Montreal Forced Aligner

  • Language: Russian

  • Dialect: N/A

  • Phone set: MFA

  • Number of words: 416,097

  • Phones: a b bʲ bʲː bː c cː dzʲː dʐː dʲ dʲː d̪ d̪z̪ d̪z̪ː d̪ː e f fʲ fʲː fː i j jː k kː m mʲ mʲː mː n̪ n̪ː o p pʲ pʲː pː r rʲ rʲː rː sʲ sʲː s̪ s̪ː tsʲ tɕ tɕː tʂ tʂː tʲ tʲː t̪ t̪s̪ t̪s̪ː t̪ː u v vʲ vʲː vː x xː zʲ zʲː z̪ z̪ː æ ç ɐ ɕ ɕː ə ɛ ɟ ɟː ɡ ɡː ɣ ɨ ɪ ɫ ɫː ɲ ɲː ɵ ʂ ʂː ʉ ʊ ʎ ʎː ʐ ʐː ʑː

  • License: CC BY 4.0

  • Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0

  • Citation:

@techreport{mfa_russian_mfa_dictionary_2022,
	author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	title={Russian MFA dictionary v2.0.0a},
	address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Russian/Russian MFA dictionary v2_0_0a.html}},
	year={2022},
	month={May},
}

G2P models

Acoustic models
../../_images/full_logo_yellow.svg

Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary russian_mfa

Or download from the release page.

The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the plain dictionary.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Russian transcripts.

This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Russian, and was used in training the Russian MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner

Labial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Retroflex

Palatal

Velar

Nasal
Occurrences:
95,612
Examples:
* тима:
[t ʲ i m ə]
* мур:
[m u r]
* поем:
[p ɐ j e m]
* мачт:
[m a t ɕ t ̪]
Occurrences:
45,754
Examples:
* томи:
[t ̪ ɐ m ʲ i]
* смела:
[s ̪ m ʲ e ɫ ə]
* умели:
[ʊ m ʲ e ʎ ɪ]
* гоями:
[ɡ o j ə m ʲ ɪ]
Occurrences:
391
Examples:
* комми:
[k ɐ m ʲ ː ɪ]
* лемме:
[ʎ e m ʲ ː e]
* сумме:
[s ̪ u m ʲ ː e]
* гамме:
[ɡ a m ʲ ː e]
Occurrences:
593
Examples:
* суммы:
[s ̪ u m ː ɨ]
* гаммы:
[ɡ a m ː ɨ]
* леммы:
[ʎ e m ː ɨ]
* умма:
[u m ː ə]
Occurrences:
97,046
Examples:
* наряд:
[n ̪ ɐ r ʲ a t ̪]
* бедно:
[b ʲ e d ̪ n ̪ ə]
* руина:
[r ʊ i n ̪ ə]
* прян:
[p r ʲ a n ̪]
Occurrences:
9,498
Examples:
* манны:
[m a n ̪ ː ɨ]
* инна:
[i n ̪ ː ə]
* сонны:
[s ̪ o n ̪ ː ɨ]
* анной:
[ɐ n ̪ ː o j]
Occurrences:
72,787
Examples:
* пыхни:
[p ɨ x ɲ i]
* снять:
[s ʲ ɲ æ t ʲ]
* стыню:
[s ̪ t ̪ ɨ ɲ ʊ]
* неучу:
[ɲ e ʊ t ɕ ʊ]
Occurrences:
1,201
Examples:
* донне:
[d ̪ o ɲ ː e]
* пенни:
[p ʲ e ɲ ː ɪ]
* нэнни:
[n ̪ ɛ ɲ ː ɪ]
* бонне:
[b o ɲ ː e]

Stop
Occurrences:
109,088
Examples:
* плота:
[p ɫ ɐ t ̪ a]
* репу:
[r ʲ e p ʊ]
* поясь:
[p ɐ j æ s ʲ]
* пашня:
[p a ʂ ɲ ə]
Occurrences:
368
Examples:
* каппы:
[k a p ː ɨ]
* каппа:
[k a p ː ə]
* каппу:
[k a p ː ʊ]
Occurrences:
41,438
Examples:
* бирав:
[b ʲ ɪ r a f]
* обиды:
[ɐ b ʲ i d ̪ ɨ]
* бзом:
[b z ̪ o m]
* блузу:
[b ɫ u z ̪ ʊ]
Occurrences:
111
Examples:
* аббас:
[ɐ b ː a s ̪]
* аббат:
[ɐ b ː a t ̪]
* абба:
[ɐ b ː a]
* аббою:
[ɐ b ː o j ʊ]
Occurrences:
140,480
Examples:
* кутай:
[k u t ̪ ə j]
* пяты:
[p ʲ ɪ t ̪ ɨ]
* алеут:
[ɐ ʎ ɪ u t ̪]
* слёту:
[s ʲ ʎ ɵ t ̪ ʊ]
Occurrences:
668
Examples:
* будто:
[b u t ̪ ː ə]
* гетто:
[ɟ e t ̪ ː ə]
* нетто:
[n ̪ ɛ t ̪ ː ə]
* оттаю:
[ɐ t ̪ ː a j ʊ]
Occurrences:
50,506
Examples:
* дбало:
[d ̪ b a ɫ ə]
* дур:
[d ̪ u r]
* ябеда:
[j æ b ʲ ɪ d ̪ ə]
* дрочи:
[d ̪ r ɐ t ɕ i]
Occurrences:
608
Examples:
* отдач:
[ɐ d ̪ ː a t ɕ]
* отдав:
[ɐ d ̪ ː a f]
* отдул:
[ɐ d ̪ ː u ɫ]
* аддон:
[ɐ d ̪ ː o n ̪]
Occurrences:
29,678
Examples:
* метки:
[m ʲ e t ̪ c ɪ]
* шутки:
[ʂ u t ̪ c ɪ]
* отеки:
[ɐ t ʲ ɪ c i]
* шажки:
[ʂ ɐ ʂ c i]
Occurrences:
158
Examples:
* сукки:
[s ̪ u c ː ɪ]
* микки:
[m ʲ i c ː ɪ]
* аккре:
[ɐ c ː r ʲ e]
* сукке:
[s ̪ u c ː e]
Occurrences:
13,563
Examples:
* сгибу:
[z ̪ ɟ i b ʊ]
* гению:
[ɟ e ɲ ɪ j ʊ]
* жгли:
[ʐ ɟ ʎ i]
* гейшу:
[ɟ e j ʂ ʊ]
Occurrences:
66
Examples:
* аггею:
[a ɟ ː ɪ j ʊ]
* хигги:
[ç i ɟ ː ɪ]
* аггей:
[a ɟ ː ɪ j]
* агги:
[a ɟ ː ɪ]
Occurrences:
100,640
Examples:
* грека:
[ɟ r ʲ e k ə]
* рак:
[r a k]
* калаш:
[k ɐ ɫ a ʂ]
* текло:
[t ʲ ɪ k ɫ o]
Occurrences:
358
Examples:
* сукка:
[s ̪ u k ː ə]
* яакко:
[j ɪ k ː ə]
* дакка:
[d ̪ a k ː ə]
* аккра:
[a k ː r ə]
Occurrences:
36,509
Examples:
* луга:
[ɫ u ɡ ə]
* влогу:
[v ɫ o ɡ ʊ]
* гнору:
[ɡ n ̪ ə r ʊ]
* ногах:
[n ̪ ɐ ɡ a x]
Occurrences:
23
Examples:

Affricate
Occurrences:
21,477
Examples:
* цех:
[t ̪ s ̪ ɛ x]
* юнец:
[j ʉ ɲ e t ̪ s ̪]
* працу:
[p r a t ̪ s ̪ ʊ]
* целью:
[t ̪ s ̪ ɛ ʎ j ʊ]
Occurrences:
986
Examples:
* пиццы:
[p ʲ i t ̪ s ̪ ː ɨ]
* отцы:
[ɐ t ̪ s ̪ ː ɨ]
* ситца:
[s ʲ i t ̪ s ̪ ː ə]
* ниццу:
[ɲ i t ̪ s ̪ ː ʊ]
Occurrences:
52
Examples:
* цзы:
[d ̪ z ̪ ː ɨ]
* янцзы:
[j a n ̪ d ̪ z ̪ ː ɨ]
Occurrences:
9
Examples:
* янцзы:
[j a n ̪ d ̪ z ̪ ː ɨ]
* цзы:
[d ̪ z ̪ ː ɨ]
Occurrences:
39,060
Examples:
* маячь:
[m ɐ j æ t ɕ]
* печах:
[p ʲ ɪ t ɕ a x]
* чету:
[t ɕ ɪ t ̪ u]
* вечор:
[v ʲ ɪ t ɕ ɵ r]
Occurrences:
1,290
Examples:
* четче:
[t ɕ e t ɕ ː e]
* отчим:
[o t ɕ ː ɪ m]
* матчи:
[m a t ɕ ː ɪ]
* отче:
[o t ɕ ː e]

Sibilant
Occurrences:
114,322
Examples:
* узкие:
[u s ̪ c ɪ j e]
* анис:
[ɐ ɲ i s ̪]
* сопку:
[s ̪ o p k ʊ]
* солей:
[s ̪ o ʎ ɪ j]
Occurrences:
6,451
Examples:
* ссать:
[s ̪ ː a t ʲ]
* ссуд:
[s ̪ ː u t ̪]
* ассам:
[ɐ s ̪ ː a m]
* ситца:
[s ʲ i t ̪ s ̪ ː ə]
Occurrences:
62,391
Examples:
* диезу:
[d ʲ ɪ j e z ̪ ʊ]
* язвам:
[j a z ̪ v ə m]
* лузою:
[ɫ u z ̪ ə j ʊ]
* запои:
[z ̪ ɐ p o ɪ]
Occurrences:
198
Examples:
* сзади:
[z ̪ ː a d ʲ ɪ]
* изза:
[ɪ ə z ̪ ː ə]
* янцзы:
[j a n ̪ d ̪ z ̪ ː ɨ]
* цзы:
[d ̪ z ̪ ː ɨ]
Occurrences:
75,705
Examples:
* кисте:
[c ɪ s ʲ t ʲ e]
* осях:
[ɐ s ʲ a x]
* гусям:
[ɡ ʊ s ʲ a m]
* месье:
[m ʲ ɪ s ʲ j e]
Occurrences:
2,051
Examples:
* несся:
[ɲ ɪ s ʲ ː ə]
* пасся:
[p a s ʲ ː ə]
* нёсся:
[ɲ ɵ s ʲ ː ə]
* месси:
[m ʲ ɪ s ʲ ː i]
Occurrences:
13,001
Examples:
* возня:
[v ɐ z ʲ ɲ a]
* езиде:
[j ɪ z ʲ i d ʲ e]
* грезя:
[ɟ r ʲ e z ʲ ə]
* зимуй:
[z ʲ ɪ m u j]
Occurrences:
11
Examples:
* оззи:
[o z ʲ ː ɪ]
Occurrences:
60,057
Examples:
* нашёл:
[n ̪ ɐ ʂ o ɫ]
* шубой:
[ʂ u b ə j]
* шхун:
[ʂ x u n ̪]
* пашню:
[p a ʂ ɲ ʊ]
Occurrences:
727
Examples:
* сшили:
[ʂ ː ɨ ʎ ɪ]
* ведши:
[v ʲ e t ʂ ː ɨ]
* сшило:
[ʂ ː ɨ ɫ ə]
* нёсши:
[ɲ ɵ ʂ ː ɨ]
Occurrences:
25,733
Examples:
* жире:
[ʐ ɨ r ʲ e]
* обяжи:
[ɐ b ʲ ɪ ʐ ɨ]
* сражу:
[s ̪ r ɐ ʐ u]
* ложны:
[ɫ o ʐ n ̪ ɨ]
Occurrences:
1,030
Examples:
* джеме:
[d ʐ ː ɛ m ʲ e]
* джине:
[d ʐ ː ɨ ɲ e]
* фиджи:
[f ʲ i d ʐ ː ɨ]
* беджи:
[b ɛ d ʐ ː ɨ]
Occurrences:
691
Examples:
* проч:
[p r ɐ t ɕ]
* сечка:
[s ʲ e t ɕ k ə]
* пещах:
[p ʲ ɪ ɕ ː a x]
* урчат:
[ʊ r t ɕ a t ̪]
Occurrences:
19,735
Examples:
* щеп:
[ɕ ː e p]
* овощу:
[o v ə ɕ ː ʊ]
* тащат:
[t ̪ a ɕ ː ə t ̪]
* матчи:
[m a t ɕ ː ɪ]
Occurrences:
0
Examples:
* позже:
[p o ʑ ː e]
* жужжи:
[ʐ ʊ ʑ ː i]
* визжу:
[v ʲ ɪ ʑ ː u]
* дожде:
[d ̪ ɐ ʑ ː e]
Occurrences:
732
Examples:
* вожжи:
[v o ʑ ː ɪ]
* жужжа:
[ʐ ʊ ʑ ː a]
* вожжа:
[v ɐ ʑ ː a]
* вожже:
[v ɐ ʑ ː e]

Fricative
Occurrences:
57,073
Examples:
* девки:
[d ʲ e f c ɪ]
* чинив:
[t ɕ ɪ ɲ i f]
* флеша:
[f ɫ ɛ ʂ ə]
* винив:
[v ʲ ɪ ɲ i f]
Occurrences:
5,969
Examples:
* фейку:
[f ʲ e j k ʊ]
* фига:
[f ʲ i ɡ ə]
* фишке:
[f ʲ i ʂ c e]
* фиуме:
[f ʲ ɪ ʊ m ʲ e]
Occurrences:
196
Examples:
Occurrences:
38
Examples:
* хоффу:
[x ɐ f ː ʊ]
* куффы:
[k u f ː ɨ]
* куффу:
[k u f ː ʊ]
* хоффа:
[x ɐ f ː ə]
Occurrences:
116,962
Examples:
* свече:
[s ̪ v ʲ ɪ t ɕ e]
* верах:
[v ʲ e r ə x]
* веже:
[v ʲ e ʐ ɨ]
* иврит:
[ɪ v r ʲ i t ̪]
Occurrences:
33,769
Examples:
* навел:
[n ̪ ə v ʲ ɪ ɫ]
* виска:
[v ʲ ɪ s ̪ k a]
* витаю:
[v ʲ ɪ t ̪ a j ʊ]
* вежей:
[v ʲ e ʐ ɨ j]
Occurrences:
273
Examples:
* ввезу:
[v ʲ ː ɪ z ̪ u]
* вверх:
[v ʲ ː e r x]
* ввяжу:
[v ʲ ː ɪ ʐ u]
* введя:
[v ʲ ː ɪ d ʲ a]
Occurrences:
188
Examples:
* ввода:
[v ː o d ̪ ə]
* вводи:
[v ː ɐ d ʲ i]
* авва:
[a v ː ə]
* вводя:
[v ː ɐ d ʲ a]
Occurrences:
2,991
Examples:
* шхера:
[ʂ ç e r ə]
* ахи:
[a ç ɪ]
* тихим:
[t ʲ ɪ ç i m]
* блохе:
[b ɫ ɐ ç e]

Approximant
Occurrences:
175,175
Examples:
* боец:
[b ɐ j e t ̪ s ̪]
* згрою:
[z ̪ ɡ r o j ʊ]
* семьи:
[s ʲ e m ʲ j ɪ]
* думой:
[d ̪ u m ə j]
Occurrences:
89
Examples:
* майя:
[m a j ː ə]
* райях:
[r a j ː ə x]
* майях:
[m a j ː ə x]
* вайю:
[v a j ː ʊ]

Trill
Occurrences:
152,094
Examples:
* жерла:
[ʐ ɛ r ɫ ə]
* горе:
[ɡ o r ʲ e]
* харчо:
[x ɐ r t ɕ ɵ]
* шурья:
[ʂ ʊ r ʲ j a]
Occurrences:
76,338
Examples:
* крепя:
[c r ʲ ɪ p ʲ a]
* ширят:
[ʂ ɨ r ʲ ə t ̪]
* узрят:
[u z ̪ r ʲ ə t ̪]
* твари:
[t ̪ v a r ʲ ɪ]
Occurrences:
294
Examples:
* фурря:
[f u r ʲ ː ə]
* гарри:
[ɡ a r ʲ ː ɪ]
* мирре:
[m ʲ i r ʲ ː e]
* сорри:
[s ̪ o r ʲ ː ɪ]
Occurrences:
359
Examples:
* тррах:
[t ̪ r ː ə x]
* герру:
[ɟ e r ː ʊ]
* царра:
[t ̪ s ̪ a r ː ə]
* мирры:
[m ʲ i r ː ɨ]

Lateral
Occurrences:
84,619
Examples:
* масла:
[m a s ̪ ɫ ə]
* лавою:
[ɫ a v ə j ʊ]
* плату:
[p ɫ a t ̪ ʊ]
* валко:
[v a ɫ k ə]
Occurrences:
674
Examples:
* баллу:
[b a ɫ ː ʊ]
* холла:
[x o ɫ ː ə]
* алло:
[ɐ ɫ ː o]
* балла:
[b a ɫ ː ə]
Occurrences:
89,260
Examples:
* далле:
[d ̪ a ʎ ː e]
* почли:
[p ɐ t ɕ ʎ i]
* хвале:
[x v ɐ ʎ e]
* таили:
[t ̪ ɐ i ʎ ɪ]
Occurrences:
1,269
Examples:
* аллею:
[ɐ ʎ ː e j ʊ]
* ралли:
[r a ʎ ː ɪ]
* аллеи:
[ɐ ʎ ː e ɪ]
* келли:
[c ɪ ʎ ː ɪ]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Front

Near-Front

Central

Near-Back

Back

Close
Occurrences:
77,764
Examples:
* санин:
[s ̪ ɐ ɲ i n ̪]
* физик:
[f ʲ i z ʲ ɪ k]
* крени:
[c r ʲ ɪ ɲ i]
* лубки:
[ɫ ʊ p c i]
Occurrences:
128,753
Examples:
* асуры:
[a s ̪ ʊ r ɨ]
* спецы:
[s ̪ p ʲ ɪ t ̪ s ̪ ɨ]
* ширак:
[ʂ ɨ r a k]
* цыпы:
[t ̪ s ̪ ɨ p ɨ]
Occurrences:
12,332
Examples:
* юге:
[j ʉ ɟ e]
* полюя:
[p ɐ ʎ ʉ j ə]
* ощупь:
[o ɕ ː ʉ p ʲ]
* чучой:
[t ɕ ʉ t ɕ ɵ j]
Occurrences:
35,960
Examples:
* языку:
[j ɪ z ̪ ɨ k u]
* пожую:
[p ə ʐ ʊ j u]
* щипну:
[ɕ ː ɪ p n ̪ u]
* разуй:
[r ɐ z ̪ u j]
Occurrences:
391,416
Examples:
* пчеле:
[p t ɕ ɪ ʎ e]
* идешь:
[ɪ d ʲ ɪ ʂ]
* частя:
[t ɕ ɪ s ʲ t ʲ a]
* чипку:
[t ɕ ɪ p k u]
Occurrences:
105,500
Examples:
* путчу:
[p u t ɕ ː ʊ]
* стону:
[s ̪ t ̪ o n ̪ ʊ]
* неуча:
[ɲ e ʊ t ɕ ə]
* гидру:
[ɟ i d ̪ r ʊ]

Close-Mid
Occurrences:
89,942
Examples:
* верши:
[v ʲ e r ʂ ɨ]
* метео:
[m ʲ e t ʲ ɪ o]
* отве:
[ɐ t ̪ v ʲ e]
* тапке:
[t ̪ a p c e]
Occurrences:
14,754
Examples:
* учёте:
[ʊ t ɕ ɵ t ʲ e]
* йодах:
[j ɵ d ̪ ə x]
* куёт:
[k ʊ j ɵ t ̪]
* учёб:
[ʊ t ɕ ɵ p]
Occurrences:
62,139
Examples:
* мор:
[m o r]
* троп:
[t ̪ r o p]
* душою:
[d ̪ ʊ ʂ o j ʊ]
* уклон:
[ʊ k ɫ o n ̪]
Occurrences:
346,275
Examples:
* жеста:
[ʐ ɛ s ̪ t ̪ ə]
* паяя:
[p ɐ j æ j ə]
* тона:
[t ̪ o n ̪ ə]
* джута:
[d ʐ ː u t ̪ ə]

Open-Mid
Occurrences:
10,020
Examples:
* арес:
[ɐ r ɛ s ̪]
* шесть:
[ʂ ɛ s ʲ t ʲ]
* сэйди:
[s ̪ ɛ j d ʲ i]
* джека:
[d ʐ ː ɛ k ə]
Occurrences:
18,704
Examples:
* ябед:
[j æ b ʲ ɪ t ̪]
* вещая:
[v ʲ ɪ ɕ ː æ j ə]
* ятю:
[j æ t ʲ ʊ]
* ваяем:
[v ɐ j æ j ɪ m]
Occurrences:
217,564
Examples:
* кроте:
[k r ɐ t ʲ e]
* брони:
[b r ɐ ɲ i]
* осоку:
[ɐ s ̪ o k ʊ]
* омыло:
[ɐ m ɨ ɫ ə]

Open
Occurrences:
141,863
Examples:
* афтам:
[a f t ̪ ə m]
* ларях:
[ɫ a r ʲ ə x]
* шарже:
[ʂ a r ʐ ɨ]
* раца:
[r ɐ t ̪ s ̪ a]
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