Spanish (Latin America) MFA dictionary v2.0.0a#
@techreport{mfa_spanish_latin_america_mfa_dictionary_2022,
author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
title={Spanish (Latin America) MFA dictionary v2.0.0a},
address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Spanish/Spanish (Latin America) MFA dictionary v2_0_0a.html}},
year={2022},
month={May},
}
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Installation#
Install from the MFA command line:
mfa model download dictionary spanish_latin_america_mfa
Or download from the release page.
The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the plain dictionary.
Intended use#
This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Spanish transcripts.
This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Spanish, and was used in training the Spanish MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.
Performance Factors#
When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.
Ethical considerations#
Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.
Demographic Bias#
You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.
IPA Charts#
Consonants#
Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.
Manner |
Labial |
Labiodental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Alveopalatal |
Palatal |
Velar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal |
Occurrences: 20,399 Examples: * lomas: [l o m a s] * morro: [m o r o] * slim: [s l i m] * oímos: [o i m o s] |
Occurrences: 33,217 Examples: * cuán: [k w a n] * milan: [m i l a n] * manes: [m a n e s] * notro: [n o t ̪ ɾ o] |
Occurrences: 2,273 Examples: * ñirre: [ɲ i r e] * chuño: [t ʃ u ɲ o] * dueño: [d ̪ w e ɲ o] * nievo: [ɲ j e β o] |
Occurrences: 2,452 Examples: * incas: [i ŋ k a s] * vence: [b e ŋ s e] * cinco: [s i ŋ k o] * anj: [a ŋ x] |
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Stop |
Occurrences: 15,153 Examples: * proa: [p ɾ o a] * pelvi: [p e l β i] * apura: [a p u ɾ a] * puaj: [p w a x] Occurrences: 6,139 Examples: * berry: [b e r i] * bulín: [b u l i n] * brión: [b ɾ j o n] * bei: [b e i] |
Occurrences: 32,610 Examples: * estro: [e s t ̪ ɾ o] * goteo: [ɡ o t ̪ e o] * tiré: [t ̪ i ɾ e] * taxi: [t ̪ a ɣ s i] Occurrences: 9,467 Examples: * dormí: [d ̪ o r m i] * debes: [d ̪ e β e s] * dark: [d ̪ a r ɣ] * duma: [d ̪ u m a] |
Occurrences: 2,130 Examples: * like: [l a i c e] * yuki: [ɟ ʝ u c i] * kiwi: [c i w i] * roque: [r o c e] Occurrences: 175 Examples: * yipi: [ɟ ʝ i p i] * guía: [ɟ i a] * guija: [ɟ i x a] * yuyo: [ɟ ʝ u ʝ o] |
Occurrences: 21,411 Examples: * poca: [p o k a] * luc: [l u k] * educo: [e ð u k o] * cayo: [k a ʝ o] Occurrences: 2,243 Examples: * glose: [ɡ l o s e] * bang: [b a ŋ ɡ] * goya: [ɡ o ʝ a] * gould: [ɡ u l d ̪] |
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Affricate |
Occurrences: 2,511 Examples: * chapó: [t ʃ a p o] * mecha: [m e t ʃ a] * fichó: [f i t ʃ o] * tachi: [t ̪ a t ʃ i] |
Occurrences: 524 Examples: * yaqui: [ɟ ʝ a c i] * yate: [ɟ ʝ a t ̪ e] * yapé: [ɟ ʝ a p e] * yinn: [ɟ ʝ i n] |
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Sibilant |
Occurrences: 55,093 Examples: * glosa: [ɡ l o s a] * zhang: [s x a ŋ ɡ] * lazio: [l a s i o] * ajax: [a x a k s] |
Occurrences: 284 Examples: * tocha: [t ̪ o t ʃ a] * chang: [t ʃ a ŋ ɡ] * chato: [t ʃ a t ̪ o] * gwh: [ɡ e u β e ð o β l e a t ʃ e] |
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Fricative |
Occurrences: 6,945 Examples: * field: [f j e l d ̪] * firmó: [f i r m o] * áfido: [a f i ð o] * fiel: [f j e l] |
Occurrences: 27,680 Examples: * orado: [o ɾ a ð o] * wide: [w i ð e] * quedo: [c e ð o] * vídeo: [b i ð e o] |
Occurrences: 2,948 Examples: * jeta: [ç e t ̪ a] * jica: [ç i k a] * giba: [ç i β a] * jesus: [ç e s u s] Occurrences: 2,003 Examples: * zülle: [s w ʝ e] * yuyu: [ɟ ʝ u ʝ u] * yudo: [ɟ ʝ u ð o] * hayan: [a ʝ a n] |
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Approximant |
Occurrences: 3,291 Examples: * tenue: [t ̪ e n w e] * www: [b w u] * where: [w e ɾ e] * hueco: [w e k o] |
Occurrences: 9,945 Examples: * abrió: [a β ɾ j o] * alió: [a l j o] * bien: [b j e n] * oriol: [o ɾ j o l] |
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Tap |
Occurrences: 33,710 Examples: * libró: [l i β ɾ o] * atar: [a t ̪ a ɾ] * prado: [p ɾ a ð o] * abren: [a β ɾ e n] |
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Trill |
Occurrences: 15,932 Examples: * horta: [o r t ̪ a] * barra: [b a r a] * risas: [r i s a s] * roano: [r o a n o] |
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Lateral |
Occurrences: 21,829 Examples: * menlo: [m e n l o] * shell: [ʃ e l] * álex: [a l e k s] * locas: [l o k a s] |
Vowels#
Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.
Front |
Near-Front |
Central |
Near-Back |
Back |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close |
Occurrences: 40,637 Examples: * ayres: [a i ɾ e s] * tías: [t ̪ i a s] * multi: [m u l t ̪ i] * quise: [c i s e] |
Occurrences: 14,204 Examples: * juntó: [x u n t ̪ o] * púa: [p u a] * tubey: [t ̪ u β e i] * muñón: [m u ɲ o n] |
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Close-Mid |
Occurrences: 59,310 Examples: * maite: [m a i t ̪ e] * cedro: [s e ð ɾ o] * señar: [s e ɲ a ɾ] * bagel: [b a ʝ e l] |
Occurrences: 58,466 Examples: * cardo: [k a r ð o] * acoso: [a k o s o] * yokut: [ɟ ʝ o k u t ̪] * avión: [a β j o n] |
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Open-Mid |
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Open |
Occurrences: 98,488 Examples: * solas: [s o l a s] * misa: [m i s a] * laves: [l a β e s] * salid: [s a l i ð] |