Thai MFA dictionary v3.0.0#

Maintainer: Montreal Forced Aligner
Language: Thai
Dialect: N/A
Phone set: MFA
Number of words: 42,012
Phones: aː˥˩ aː˦˥ aː˧ aː˨˩ aː˩˩˦ a˥˩ a˦˥ a˧ a˨˩ a˩˩˦ b d eː˥˩ eː˦˥ eː˧ eː˨˩ eː˩˩˦ e˥˩ e˦˥ e˧ e˨˩ e˩˩˦ f h ia˥˩ ia˦˥ ia˧ ia˨˩ ia˩˩˦ iː˥˩ iː˦˥ iː˧ iː˨˩ iː˩˩˦ i˥˩ i˦˥ i˧ i˨˩ i˩˩˦ j k kʰ k̚ l m n oː˥˩ oː˦˥ oː˧ oː˨˩ oː˩˩˦ o˥˩ o˦˥ o˧ o˨˩ o˩˩˦ p pʰ p̚ r s t tɕ tɕʰ tʰ t̚ ua˥˩ ua˦˥ ua˧ ua˨˩ ua˩˩˦ uː˥˩ uː˦˥ uː˧ uː˨˩ uː˩˩˦ u˥˩ u˦˥ u˧ u˨˩ u˩˩˦ w ŋ ɔː˥˩ ɔː˦˥ ɔː˧ ɔː˨˩ ɔː˩˩˦ ɔ˥˩ ɔ˦˥ ɔ˧ ɔ˨˩ ɔ˩˩˦ ɛː˥˩ ɛː˦˥ ɛː˧ ɛː˨˩ ɛː˩˩˦ ɛ˥˩ ɛ˦˥ ɛ˧ ɛ˨˩ ɛ˩˩˦ ɤː˥˩ ɤː˦˥ ɤː˧ ɤː˨˩ ɤː˩˩˦ ɤ˥˩ ɤ˦˥ ɤ˧ ɤ˨˩ ɤ˩˩˦ ɯa˥˩ ɯa˦˥ ɯa˧ ɯa˨˩ ɯa˩˩˦ ɯː˥˩ ɯː˦˥ ɯː˧ ɯː˨˩ ɯː˩˩˦ ɯ˥˩ ɯ˦˥ ɯ˧ ɯ˨˩ ɯ˩˩˦ ʔ
License: CC BY 4.0
Compatible MFA version: v3.0.0
Citation:

@techreport{mfa_thai_mfa_dictionary_2024,
	author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	title={Thai MFA dictionary v3.0.0},
	address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Thai/Thai MFA dictionary v3_0_0.html}},
	year={2024},
	month={Feb},
}

If you have comments or questions about this dictionary or its phone set, you can check previous MFA model discussion posts or create a new one.

G2P models

Thai MFA G2P model v3.0.0

Acoustic models

Thai MFA acoustic model v3.0.0

Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary thai_mfa

Or download from the release page.

The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the [plain dictionary](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MontrealCorpusTools/mfa-models/main/dictionary/thai/mfa/Thai MFA dictionary v3_0_0.dict).

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Thai transcripts.

This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Thai, and was used in training the Thai MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner	Labial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m Occurrences: 14,628 Examples: * มีนัด: [m iː˧ n a˦˥] * มกรา: [m o˦˥ k̚ k a˨˩ r aː˧] * แอมป์: [ʔ ɛ˧ m] * มาร์: [m aː˥˩]		n Occurrences: 24,632 Examples: * หนึบ: [n ɯ˨˩ p̚] * ชวน: [tɕʰ a˦˥ w a˦˥ n a˦˥] * เคิล: [kʰ ɤ˥˩ n] * ผลงาน: [pʰ o˩˩˦ n ŋ aː˧ n]		ŋ Occurrences: 10,658 Examples: * จริงๆ: [tɕ i˧ ŋ tɕ i˧ ŋ] * ผลพวง: [pʰ o˩˩˦ n pʰ ua˧ ŋ] * หมอง: [m ɔː˩˩˦ ŋ] * เสียง: [s ia˩˩˦ ŋ]
Stop Plain	p Occurrences: 4,739 Examples: * ปะปน: [p a˨˩ p eː˧ n] * ปักดำ: [p a˨˩ k̚ d a˧ m] * ไปดู: [p d uː˧] * ประคำ: [p r a˨˩ kʰ a˧ m] b Occurrences: 3,836 Examples: * บรรพ: [b a˨˩ p̚] * ระบุ: [r a˦˥ b u˨˩] * บลู: [b l uː˧] * บึง: [b ɯ˧ ŋ]		t Occurrences: 5,806 Examples: * ดวงตา: [d ua˧ ŋ t aː˧] * ตู่: [t uː˥˩] * คนใต้: [kʰ o˧ n t aː˥˩ j] * ตกทอด: [t o˨˩ k̚ tʰ ɔː˥˩ t̚] d Occurrences: 3,985 Examples: * ดีเจ: [d iː˧ tɕ eː˧] * ก็ได้: [k ɔː˥˩ d aː˥˩ j] * เด็ม: [d e˧ m] * เดอะ: [d ɤ˨˩]		k Occurrences: 9,046 Examples: * กลั้ว: [k l ua˥˩] * สกัด: [s a˨˩ k a˨˩ t̚] * เมก้า: [m eː˧ k aː˥˩] * กษิต: [k a˨˩ s i˨˩ t̚]	ʔ Occurrences: 6,737 Examples: * ภาวะ: [pʰ aː˧ w a˦˥ ʔ] * วุฒิ: [w u˦˥ t̚ tʰ i˦˥ ʔ] * วาระ: [w aː˧ r a˦˥ ʔ] * อเน: [ʔ a˨˩ n]
Aspirated	pʰ Occurrences: 7,134 Examples: * แพะ: [pʰ ɛ˦˥] * พายุ: [pʰ aː˧ j u˦˥ ʔ] * พรรณ: [pʰ a˧ n n a˦˥] * พิม: [pʰ i˧ m]		tʰ Occurrences: 7,652 Examples: * เชษฐ: [tɕʰ eː˥˩ t̚ tʰ a˨˩] * ที่นา: [tʰ iː˥˩ n a˧ w] * ทาน: [tʰ aː˧ n] * กระทบ: [k r a˨˩ tʰ o˦˥ p̚]		kʰ Occurrences: 8,501 Examples: * คาเฟ่: [kʰ aː˧ f eː˥˩] * คณบดี: [kʰ a˦˥ n a˦˥ b ɔː˧ d iː˧] * นะคะ: [n a˦˥ kʰ a˦˥ ʔ] * โคล: [kʰ oː˧ l]
Unreleased	p̚ Occurrences: 4,075 Examples: * ตับ: [t a˨˩ p̚] * วูบ: [w uː˥˩ p̚] * บิชอป: [b i˨˩ tɕʰ ɔ˦˥ p̚] * สอบตก: [s ɔː˨˩ p̚ t o˨˩ k̚]		t̚ Occurrences: 11,249 Examples: * มิตซู: [m i˦˥ t̚ s uː˧] * กิตย์: [k i˨˩ t̚] * อิจฉา: [ʔ i˨˩ t̚ tɕʰ aː˩˩˦] * บวช: [b ua˨˩ t̚]		k̚ Occurrences: 6,704 Examples: * ทุกที: [tʰ u˦˥ k̚ tʰ iː˧] * ล็อค: [l ɔ˥˩ k̚ kʰ a˦˥] * ทริค: [tʰ r i˦˥ k̚] * เวก: [w eː˥˩ k̚]
Affricate Plain				tɕ Occurrences: 3,739 Examples: * ชักจะ: [tɕʰ a˦˥ k̚ tɕ a˨˩ ʔ] * จำพวก: [tɕ a˧ m pʰ ua˥˩ k̚] * จีที: [tɕ iː˧ tʰ iː˧] * จงดี: [tɕ o˧ ŋ d iː˧]
Aspirated				tɕʰ Occurrences: 4,087 Examples: * ฉุก: [tɕʰ u˨˩ k̚] * คชสาร: [kʰ o˦˥ t̚ tɕʰ a˦˥ s aː˩˩˦ n] * เชดส์: [tɕʰ t̚] * ฉายา: [tɕʰ aː˩˩˦ j aː˧]
Sibilant			s Occurrences: 12,510 Examples: * ไม้สน: [m aː˦˥ j s a˨˩ n] * สุไหง: [s u˨˩ ŋ] * เสี่ย: [s ia˨˩] * มหรสพ: [m a˦˥ h ɔː˩˩˦ r a˦˥ s o˨˩ p̚]
Fricative		f Occurrences: 1,579 Examples: * ทำฟัน: [tʰ a˧ m f a˧ n] * ใฝ่: [f a˨˩ j] * เจฟฟ์: [tɕ eː˧ f] * ก่อไฟ: [k ɔː˨˩ f a˧ j]				h Occurrences: 3,078 Examples: * ฮัต: [h a˦˥ t̚] * เฮง: [h e˧ ŋ] * พันหก: [pʰ a˧ n h o˨˩ k̚] * เฮอะ: [h ɤː˧ ʔ]
Approximant	w Occurrences: 8,454 Examples: * วิกฤต: [w i˦˥ k r i˨˩ t̚ t a˨˩] * วณิพก: [w a˦˥ n i˦˥ pʰ o˦˥ k̚] * แหวก: [w ɛː˨˩ k̚] * เช้าๆ: [tɕʰ aː˦˥ w tɕʰ aː˦˥ w]			j Occurrences: 11,288 Examples: * เฉลย: [tɕʰ a˨˩ l ɤː˩˩˦ j] * ให้ยา: [h a˥˩ j j aː˧] * ไผ่: [pʰ a˨˩ j] * แชท: [tɕʰ ɛː˧ tʰ a˧ j]
Trill			r Occurrences: 13,238 Examples: * กำราบ: [k a˧ m r aː˨˩ p̚] * ราช: [r aː˥˩] * เปรา: [p r aː˧] * คำราม: [kʰ a˧ m r aː˧ m]
Lateral			l Occurrences: 8,693 Examples: * ลงแรง: [l o˧ ŋ r ɛː˧ ŋ] * เลอ: [l ɤː˧] * คลี: [kʰ l iː˧] * สลา: [s a˨˩ l aː˧]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i Occurrences: 9,252 Examples: * ชิลี: [tɕʰ i˦˥ l iː˧] * หากิน: [h aː˩˩˦ k i˧ n] * พิล: [pʰ i˧ n] * อินทร: [i˧ n tʰ r a˦˥] iː Occurrences: 5,633 Examples: * ปีบ: [p iː˨˩ p̚] * ชี้นำ: [tɕʰ iː˦˥ n a˧ m] * ตี๋: [t iː˩˩˦] * อีฟส์: [ʔ iː˦˥ f]		ɯ Occurrences: 1,056 Examples: * ทึก: [tʰ ɯ˦˥ k̚] * มาถึง: [m aː˧ tʰ ɯ˩˩˦ ŋ] * มึง: [m ɯ˧ ŋ] * ถึก: [tʰ ɯ˨˩ k̚] ɯː Occurrences: 1,162 Examples: * ยื่น: [j ɯː˥˩ n] * ฟื้น: [f ɯː˦˥ n] * ผืน: [pʰ ɯː˩˩˦ n] * ขืน: [kʰ ɯː˩˩˦ n] u Occurrences: 4,694 Examples: * สุเมธ: [s u˨˩ m eː˥˩ t̚] * รุ๊ง: [r u˦˥ ŋ] * ทารุณ: [tʰ aː˧ r u˧ n] * มุ่ง: [m u˥˩ ŋ] uː Occurrences: 3,634 Examples: * จมูก: [tɕ a˨˩ m uː˨˩] * หูหนู: [h uː˩˩˦ n uː˩˩˦] * คู้: [kʰ uː˦˥] * สูญ: [s uː˩˩˦ n]

Close-Mid	e Occurrences: 2,688 Examples: * เส็ต: [s e˩˩˦ t̚] * มิเชล: [m i˦˥ tɕʰ e˧ l] * เม่น: [m e˥˩ n] * เข้ม: [kʰ e˥˩ m] eː Occurrences: 3,472 Examples: * เทศ: [tʰ eː˥˩ t̚] * โดเมน: [d oː˧ m eː˧ n] * เมลล์: [m eː˧ l] * เลฟ: [l eː˦˥ p̚]		ɤ Occurrences: 378 Examples: * เต๊อะ: [t ɤ˨˩ ʔ] * เกรอะ: [k r ɤ˨˩ ʔ] * เงิน: [ŋ ɤ˧ n] * เฉย: [tɕʰ ɤ˩˩˦ j] ɤː Occurrences: 2,143 Examples: * เจอ: [tɕ ɤː˧] * เผย: [pʰ ɤː˩˩˦ j] * ลิด: [l ɤː˨˩ t̚] * เซอร์: [s ɤː˥˩] o Occurrences: 5,725 Examples: * จ๊ะ: [tɕ o˦˥] * นายกฯ: [n aː˧ j o˦˥ k̚] * โกหก: [k oː˧ h o˨˩ k̚] * หงสา: [h o˩˩˦ ŋ s aː˩˩˦] oː Occurrences: 3,227 Examples: * โฟลว์: [f oː˧ l oː˥˩] * โกโก้: [k oː˧ k oː˥˩] * ภิญโญ: [pʰ i˧ n j oː˥˩] * โหล: [l oː˩˩˦]

Open-Mid	ɛ Occurrences: 1,094 Examples: * แล่น: [l ɛ˥˩ n] * แคะ: [kʰ ɛ˦˥ ʔ] * ในกรม: [n a˧ j k r ɛ˧ m] * แซว: [s ɛ˧ w] ɛː Occurrences: 2,899 Examples: * แคน: [kʰ ɛː˧ n] * แม้ว: [m ɛː˦˥ w] * แยบยล: [j ɛː˥˩ p̚ j o˧ n] * แหม: [h ɛː˩˩˦ m]		ɔ Occurrences: 1,837 Examples: * งอน: [ŋ ɔ˧ n] * อ่อม: [ʔ ɔ˨˩ m] * หอย: [h ɔ˩˩˦ j] * พองลม: [pʰ ɔ˧ ŋ l o˧ m] ɔː Occurrences: 6,607 Examples: * ปลอบ: [p l ɔː˨˩ p̚] * ถอดใจ: [tʰ ɔː˨˩ t̚ tɕ a˧ j] * กอง: [k ɔː˧ ŋ] * คำขอ: [kʰ a˧ m kʰ ɔː˩˩˦]

Open		a Occurrences: 32,886 Examples: * ขยี้: [kʰ a˨˩ j iː˥˩] * ธรรมะ: [tʰ a˧ m m a˦˥] * จ้ะ: [tɕ a˥˩ ʔ] * ย่ำ: [j a˥˩ m] aː Occurrences: 22,508 Examples: * วิหาร: [w i˦˥ h aː˩˩˦ r a˦˥] * ขาน: [kʰ aː˩˩˦ n] * ดาร์ท: [d aː˦˥ t̚] * บูรพา: [b uː˧ r a˦˥ pʰ aː˧]

Diphthongs#

ia
ua
ɯa

Tones#

˥˩
˦˥
˧
˨˩
˩˩˦