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Urdu CV dictionary v2.0.0#

  • Maintainer: Vox Communis

  • Language: Urdu

  • Dialect: N/A

  • Phone set: Epitran

  • Number of words: 1,597

  • Phones: b bʱ d̪ d̪ʱ d̪ᵊ d͡z d͡ʒ d͡ʒʱ e eʱ eː f h i iː j k kʰ l lː l̪ m n nː o oː p pʰ pː q r s t̪ t̪ʰ t̪ː t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ uː w x z æ õː ĩː ŋ ũː ɑː ɑ̃ː ɔː ɖ ɖʱ ə ə̃ ə̯ ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ː ɡ ɡʱ ɣ ɦ ɪ ɳ ɽ ɽʱ ɾ ʃ ʈ ʈʰ ʊ ʊ̃ ʋ ʒ ʔ ʕ ˈɾ ẽː

  • License: CC-0

  • Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0

  • Citation:

@misc{Ahn_Chodroff_2022,
	author={Ahn, Emily and Chodroff, Eleanor},
	title={VoxCommunis Corpus},
	address={\url{https://osf.io/t957v}},
	publisher={OSF},
	year={2022},
	month={Jan}
}

Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary urdu_cv

Or download from the release page.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Urdu transcripts.

This dictionary uses the Epitran phone set for Urdu, and was used in training the Urdu Epitran acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner

Labial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Alveopalatal

Retroflex

Palatal

Velar

Uvular

Pharyngeal

Glottal

Nasal
Occurrences:
386
Examples:
* مخمصہ:
[m ə x m ə s ɑː]
* جمود:
[d͡ʒ ʊ m uː d̪]
* مانے:
[m ɑ̃ː eː]
* مگر:
[m ə ɡ ə ɾ]
Occurrences:
350
Examples:
* نشین:
[n ə ʃ iː n]
* نقل:
[n ə q l]
* لگانے:
[l ə ɡ ɑː n eː]
* وضع:
[ʋ ə z ɛː n]
Occurrences:
3
Examples:
* جنتی:
[d͡ʒ ə nː ə t̪ iː]
* جناح:
[d͡ʒ ə nː ɑː]
* جنونی:
[d͡ʒ ə nː oː n iː]
Occurrences:
18
Examples:
* انڈا:
[ə ɳ ɖ ɑː]
* منڈی:
[m ʊ ɳ ɖ iː]
* ونڈوز:
[ʋ ə ɳ ɖ ə ʋ z]
* ٹھنڈا:
[ʈʰ ɳ ɖ ɑː]
Occurrences:
26
Examples:
* جنگ:
[d͡ʒ ə ŋ ɡ]
* منکسر:
[m ə ŋ k s ə ɾ]
* بنگلہ:
[b ə ŋ ɡ l ɑː]
* رنگار:
[ɾ ə ŋ ɡ ɑː ɾ]

Stop
Occurrences:
115
Examples:
* پارٹی:
[p ɑ̃ː ɾ ʊ ʈ iː]
* یورپ:
[j oː ɾ p]
* چھاپ:
[t͡ʃʰ ɑː p]
* پیکار:
[p ɛː k ɑː ɾ]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* پیپلز:
[p ɛː pː ə l z]
Occurrences:
226
Examples:
* عجیب:
[ə d͡ʒ iː b]
* سبزہ:
[s ə b z ɑː]
* باہمی:
[b ɑː ɦ m iː]
* نواب:
[n ə ʋ ɑː b]
Occurrences:
330
Examples:
* لکھتے:
[l ɪ kʰ t̪ eː]
* سکتے:
[s ə k t̪ eː]
* ترقی:
[t̪ ə ɾ q iː]
* صحت:
[s ɪ ɦ ə t̪]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* فاتح:
[f ɪ t̪ː e ɦ]
Occurrences:
213
Examples:
* جمود:
[d͡ʒ ʊ m uː d̪]
* مقاصد:
[m ə q ɑː s ə d̪]
* دیا:
[d̪ ə j ɑː]
* مفاد:
[m ʊ f ɑː d̪]
Occurrences:
81
Examples:
* پارٹی:
[p ɑ̃ː ɾ ʊ ʈ iː]
* ایٹ:
[ə eː ʈ]
* ٹاکرے:
[ʈ ɑː k ɾ eː]
* نوٹ:
[n ə oː ʈ]
Occurrences:
47
Examples:
* انڈا:
[ə ɳ ɖ ɑː]
* ڈالے:
[ɖ ɑː l ɪ eː]
* فوڈ:
[f ɔː ʊ ɖ]
* منڈی:
[m ʊ ɳ ɖ iː]
Occurrences:
247
Examples:
* یکس:
[j ə k s]
* پیکار:
[p ɛː k ɑː ɾ]
* سکتے:
[s ə k t̪ eː]
* کوئی:
[k oː iː]
Occurrences:
102
Examples:
* مگر:
[m ə ɡ ə ɾ]
* لگانے:
[l ə ɡ ɑː n eː]
* کانگو:
[k ɑː n ɡ uː]
* گزر:
[ɡ ʊ z ə ɾ]
Occurrences:
91
Examples:
* نقل:
[n ə q l]
* قوم:
[q ɔː m]
* مقاصد:
[m ə q ɑː s ə d̪]
* ترقی:
[t̪ ə ɾ q iː]
Occurrences:
33
Examples:
* معیار:
[m ə ʔ j ɑː ɾ]
* واقع:
[ʋ ɑː q ʔ]
* بعض:
[b ə ʔ z]
* تعصب:
[t̪ ʔ s ʊ b]

Affricate
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
Occurrences:
60
Examples:
* بچے:
[b ə t͡ʃ eː]
* چیزوں:
[t͡ʃ iː z ũː]
* چاہتے:
[t͡ʃ ɑː ɦ ə t̪ eː]
* کراچی:
[k ə ɾ ɑː t͡ʃ iː]
Occurrences:
123
Examples:
* عجیب:
[ə d͡ʒ iː b]
* وجود:
[ɔː d͡ʒ uː d̪ᵊ]
* جمود:
[d͡ʒ ʊ m uː d̪]
* جیسی:
[d͡ʒ iː s iː]

Sibilant
Occurrences:
314
Examples:
* یکس:
[j ə k s]
* مخمصہ:
[m ə x m ə s ɑː]
* سبزہ:
[s ə b z ɑː]
* جیسی:
[d͡ʒ iː s iː]
Occurrences:
146
Examples:
* سبزہ:
[s ə b z ɑː]
* فضل:
[f z ə l]
* وضع:
[ʋ ə z ɛː n]
* کلیمز:
[k ə l iː m ə z]
Occurrences:
85
Examples:
* نشین:
[n ə ʃ iː n]
* اشارہ:
[ɪ ʃ ɑː ɾ ɑː]
* شریف:
[ʃ ə ɾ iː f]
* شہادت:
[ʃ ə ɦ ɑː d̪ t̪]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* وژن:
[ʋ ə ʒ eː ə n]

Fricative
Occurrences:
94
Examples:
* فضل:
[f z ə l]
* شریف:
[ʃ ə ɾ iː f]
* فرحان:
[f ə ɾ ɦ ɑː n]
* مفاد:
[m ʊ f ɑː d̪]
Occurrences:
2
Examples:
* الطبع:
[ə l t̪ ə b ʕ]
* موضوع:
[m ə ʋ ʊ z uː ʕ]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* نہاد:
[n ɪ h ɑː d̪]
Occurrences:
222
Examples:
* ہرا:
[ɦ ɾ ɑː]
* باہمی:
[b ɑː ɦ m iː]
* ہمارے:
[ɦ ə m ɑː ɾ eː]
* فرحان:
[f ə ɾ ɦ ɑː n]

Approximant
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
Occurrences:
119
Examples:
* وضع:
[ʋ ə z ɛː n]
* نواب:
[n ə ʋ ɑː b]
* واپس:
[ʋ ɑː p ə s]
* عوام:
[ə ʋ ɑː m]
Occurrences:
127
Examples:
* یکس:
[j ə k s]
* یورپ:
[j oː ɾ p]
* معیار:
[m ə ʔ j ɑː ɾ]
* دیا:
[d̪ ə j ɑː]

Tap Plain
Occurrences:
531
Examples:
* ہرا:
[ɦ ɾ ɑː]
* پارٹی:
[p ɑ̃ː ɾ ʊ ʈ iː]
* یورپ:
[j oː ɾ p]
* مگر:
[m ə ɡ ə ɾ]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* تاریخ:
[t̪ ɑː ˈɾ eː x]
Occurrences:
21
Examples:
* کھڑی:
[kʰ ə ɽ iː]
* تھپڑ:
[t̪ʰ p ɽ]
* پڑا:
[p ɽ ɑː]
* پڑوس:
[p ɽ uː s]

Aspirated
Occurrences:
6
Examples:
* بڑھے:
[b ə ɽʱ eː]
* چڑھتے:
[t͡ʃ ə ɽʱ t̪ eː]
* بڑھ:
[b ə ɽʱ]
* بڑھتے:
[b ə ɽʱ t̪ eː]

Trill
Occurrences:
1
Examples:

Lateral
Occurrences:
2
Examples:
* تلے:
[t̪ ə l̪ eː]
* مرحلے:
[m ə ɾ ɦ ɛ l̪ eː]
Occurrences:
307
Examples:
* لکھتے:
[l ɪ kʰ t̪ eː]
* نقل:
[n ə q l]
* کھلا:
[kʰ ə l ɑː]
* فضل:
[f z ə l]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* دلیل:
[d̪ ɪ lː iː l]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Oral Vowels#

Front

Near-Front

Central

Near-Back

Back

Close
Occurrences:
2
Examples:
* ایئر:
[ə ə̯ i ə ɾ]
Occurrences:
420
Examples:
* عجیب:
[ə d͡ʒ iː b]
* کھڑی:
[kʰ ə ɽ iː]
* نشین:
[n ə ʃ iː n]
* پارٹی:
[p ɑ̃ː ɾ ʊ ʈ iː]
Occurrences:
108
Examples:
* وجود:
[ɔː d͡ʒ uː d̪ᵊ]
* جمود:
[d͡ʒ ʊ m uː d̪]
* کانگو:
[k ɑː n ɡ uː]
* قومی:
[q uː m iː]
Occurrences:
256
Examples:
* لکھتے:
[l ɪ kʰ t̪ eː]
* اشارہ:
[ɪ ʃ ɑː ɾ ɑː]
* ڈالے:
[ɖ ɑː l ɪ eː]
* صحت:
[s ɪ ɦ ə t̪]
Occurrences:
117
Examples:
* پارٹی:
[p ɑ̃ː ɾ ʊ ʈ iː]
* جمود:
[d͡ʒ ʊ m uː d̪]
* مفاد:
[m ʊ f ɑː d̪]
* فوڈ:
[f ɔː ʊ ɖ]

Close-Mid
Occurrences:
6
Examples:
* اکشے:
[ɑː k e ʃ eː]
* فاتح:
[f ɪ t̪ː e ɦ]
* انتہا:
[ɪ n t̪ e ɦ ɑː]
Occurrences:
2
Examples:
* بہتر:
[b eʱ t̪ ə ɾ]
Occurrences:
280
Examples:
* لکھتے:
[l ɪ kʰ t̪ eː]
* مانے:
[m ɑ̃ː eː]
* تھے:
[t̪ʰ eː]
* ایٹ:
[ə eː ʈ]
Occurrences:
4
Examples:
* معطل:
[m o ɪ t̪ ə l]
* معمہ:
[m o ɪ m ɑː]
* معرفت:
[m o ɪ ɾ ɪ f ə t̪]
Occurrences:
86
Examples:
* یورپ:
[j oː ɾ p]
* کوئی:
[k oː iː]
* نوٹ:
[n ə oː ʈ]
* روئے:
[ɾ oː eː]
Occurrences:
934
Examples:
* عجیب:
[ə d͡ʒ iː b]
* یکس:
[j ə k s]
* مخمصہ:
[m ə x m ə s ɑː]
* انڈا:
[ə ɳ ɖ ɑː]
Occurrences:
2
Examples:
* ایئر:
[ə ə̯ i ə ɾ]

Open-Mid
Occurrences:
3
Examples:
* تشہیر:
[t̪ ʃ ɛ ɦ iː ɾ]
* مرحلے:
[m ə ɾ ɦ ɛ l̪ eː]
Occurrences:
35
Examples:
* پیکار:
[p ɛː k ɑː ɾ]
* وضع:
[ʋ ə z ɛː n]
* اپریل:
[ə p ɾ ɛː l]
* سیٹ:
[s ɛː ʈ]
Occurrences:
44
Examples:
* وجود:
[ɔː d͡ʒ uː d̪ᵊ]
* قوم:
[q ɔː m]
* فوڈ:
[f ɔː ʊ ɖ]
* موسم:
[m ɔː s ə m]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* کینسر:
[k æ n s ə ɾ]

Open
Occurrences:
876
Examples:
* مخمصہ:
[m ə x m ə s ɑː]
* انڈا:
[ə ɳ ɖ ɑː]
* ہرا:
[ɦ ɾ ɑː]
* سبزہ:
[s ə b z ɑː]

Nasal Vowels#

Front

Near-Front

Central

Near-Back

Back

Close
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
Occurrences:
39
Examples:
* والوں:
[ʋ ɑː l ũː]
* چیزوں:
[t͡ʃ iː z ũː]
* فتووں:
[f t̪ uː ũː]
* کاموں:
[k ɑː m ũː]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:

Close-Mid
Occurrences:
33
Examples:
* لیں:
[l ẽː]
* ہوئیں:
[ɦ oː ẽː]
* سکیں:
[s ə k ẽː]
* گئیں:
[ɡ ẽː]
Occurrences:
16
Examples:
* برسوں:
[b ə ɾ s õː]
* پہنچ:
[p ə ɦ õː t͡ʃ]
* ہونے:
[ɦ õː eː]
* گاؤں:
[ɡ ɑː õː]
Occurrences:
2
Examples:

Open-Mid
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* فرینچ:
[f ə ɾ ɛ̃ː t͡ʃ]

Open
Occurrences:
25
Examples:
* پارٹی:
[p ɑ̃ː ɾ ʊ ʈ iː]
* مانے:
[m ɑ̃ː eː]
* جہاں:
[d͡ʒ ə ɦ ɑ̃ː]
* یہاں:
[j ə ɦ ɑ̃ː]
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