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Russian MFA dictionary v2.0.0#

  • Maintainer: Montreal Forced Aligner

  • Language: Russian

  • Dialect: N/A

  • Phone set: MFA

  • Number of words: 416,098

  • Phones: a b bʲ bʲː bː c cː dzʲː dʐː dʲ dʲː d̪ d̪z̪ d̪z̪ː d̪ː e f fʲ fʲː fː i j jː k kː m mʲ mʲː mː n̪ n̪ː o p pʲ pʲː pː r rʲ rʲː rː sʲ sʲː s̪ s̪ː tsʲ tɕ tɕː tʂ tʂː tʲ tʲː t̪ t̪s̪ t̪s̪ː t̪ː u v vʲ vʲː vː x xː zʲ zʲː z̪ z̪ː æ ç ɐ ɕ ɕː ə ɛ ɟ ɟː ɡ ɡː ɣ ɨ ɪ ɫ ɫː ɲ ɲː ɵ ʂ ʂː ʉ ʊ ʎ ʎː ʐ ʐː ʑː

  • License: CC BY 4.0

  • Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0

  • Citation:

@techreport{mfa_russian_mfa_dictionary_2022,
	author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	title={Russian MFA dictionary v2.0.0},
	address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Russian/Russian MFA dictionary v2_0_0.html}},
	year={2022},
	month={Mar},
}

G2P models
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Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary russian_mfa

Or download from the release page.

The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the plain dictionary.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Russian transcripts.

This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Russian, and was used in training the Russian MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner

Labial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Retroflex

Palatal

Velar

Nasal
Occurrences:
95,612
Examples:
* разим:
[r ɐ zʲ i m]
* режим:
[rʲ ɪ ʐ ɨ m]
* карм:
[k a r m]
* фэнам:
[f ɛ n̪ ə m]
Occurrences:
45,754
Examples:
* мике:
[mʲ i c e]
* змеей:
[z̪ mʲ e j ɪ j]
* мешая:
[mʲ ɪ ʂ a j ə]
* жмёте:
[ʐ mʲ ɵ tʲ e]
Occurrences:
391
Examples:
* гамме:
[ɡ a mʲː e]
* сумме:
[s̪ u mʲː e]
* комми:
[k ɐ mʲː ɪ]
* лемме:
[ʎ e mʲː e]
Occurrences:
593
Examples:
* гамму:
[ɡ a mː ʊ]
* лемму:
[ʎ e mː ʊ]
* леммы:
[ʎ e mː ɨ]
* амман:
[ɐ mː a n̪]
Occurrences:
97,046
Examples:
* янус:
[j a n̪ ʊ s̪]
* пуншу:
[p u n̪ ʂ ʊ]
* ныне:
[n̪ ɨ ɲ e]
* урну:
[u r n̪ ʊ]
Occurrences:
9,498
Examples:
* инны:
[ɪ n̪ː ɨ]
* сонны:
[s̪ o n̪ː ɨ]
* танны:
[t̪ a n̪ː ɨ]
* ценно:
[t̪s̪ ɛ n̪ː ə]
Occurrences:
72,787
Examples:
* линь:
[ʎ i ɲ]
* нюхаю:
[ɲ u x ə j ʊ]
* ныне:
[n̪ ɨ ɲ e]
* вняв:
[v ɲ a f]
Occurrences:
1,201
Examples:
* ванне:
[v a ɲː e]
* бонне:
[b o ɲː e]
* анне:
[ɐ ɲː e]
* донне:
[d̪ o ɲː e]

Stop
Occurrences:
109,088
Examples:
* плаха:
[p ɫ a x ə]
* пуншу:
[p u n̪ ʂ ʊ]
* купою:
[k u p ə j ʊ]
* пепле:
[pʲ e p ʎ e]
Occurrences:
368
Examples:
* каппу:
[k a pː ʊ]
* каппа:
[k a pː ə]
* каппы:
[k a pː ɨ]
Occurrences:
41,438
Examples:
* роба:
[r o b ə]
* абазе:
[ɐ b a zʲ e]
* буки:
[b u c ɪ]
* болят:
[b ɐ ʎ a t̪]
Occurrences:
111
Examples:
* аббою:
[ɐ bː o j ʊ]
* абба:
[ɐ bː a]
* аббат:
[ɐ bː a t̪]
* аббу:
[ɐ bː u]
Occurrences:
140,480
Examples:
* отрыл:
[ɐ t̪ r ɨ ɫ]
* болят:
[b ɐ ʎ a t̪]
* сдаёт:
[z̪ d̪ ɐ j ɵ t̪]
* стажу:
[s̪ t̪ a ʐ ʊ]
Occurrences:
668
Examples:
* нетто:
[n̪ ɛ t̪ː ə]
* чемто:
[tɕ ɪ mʲ t̪ː ə]
* будто:
[b u t̪ː ə]
* ротта:
[r o t̪ː ə]
Occurrences:
50,506
Examples:
* сдаёт:
[z̪ d̪ ɐ j ɵ t̪]
* шкода:
[ʂ k o d̪ ə]
* вдаль:
[v d̪ a ʎ]
* следу:
[sʲ ʎ e d̪ ʊ]
Occurrences:
608
Examples:
* отдуй:
[ɐ d̪ː u j]
* отдам:
[ɐ d̪ː a m]
* отдув:
[ɐ d̪ː u f]
* отдых:
[o d̪ː ɨ x]
Occurrences:
29,678
Examples:
* мике:
[mʲ i c e]
* буки:
[b u c ɪ]
* жидке:
[ʐ ɨ t̪ c e]
* кляпы:
[c ʎ a p ɨ]
Occurrences:
158
Examples:
* микки:
[mʲ i cː ɪ]
* сукки:
[s̪ u cː ɪ]
* аккре:
[ɐ cː rʲ e]
* сукке:
[s̪ u cː e]
Occurrences:
13,563
Examples:
* гири:
[ɟ i rʲ ɪ]
* гнёшь:
[ɟ ɲ ɵ ʂ]
* грим:
[ɟ rʲ i m]
* гипсы:
[ɟ i p s̪ ɨ]
Occurrences:
66
Examples:
* аггея:
[a ɟː ɪ j ə]
* аггею:
[a ɟː ɪ j ʊ]
* регги:
[r ɛ ɟː ɪ]
* аггел:
[a ɟː ɪ ɫ]
Occurrences:
100,640
Examples:
* купою:
[k u p ə j ʊ]
* печка:
[pʲ e tɕ k ə]
* крылу:
[k r ɨ ɫ u]
* кущею:
[k u ɕː ɪ j ʊ]
Occurrences:
358
Examples:
* никко:
[ɲ ɪ kː o]
* мекка:
[mʲ e kː ə]
* дакка:
[d̪ a kː ə]
* аккра:
[a kː r ə]
Occurrences:
36,509
Examples:
* углы:
[ʊ ɡ ɫ ɨ]
* гасну:
[ɡ a s̪ n̪ ʊ]
* голь:
[ɡ o ʎ]
* груд:
[ɡ r u t̪]
Occurrences:
23
Examples:

Affricate
Occurrences:
21,477
Examples:
* царил:
[t̪s̪ ɐ rʲ i ɫ]
* рацея:
[r ɐ t̪s̪ ɛ j ə]
* церий:
[t̪s̪ ɛ rʲ ɪ j]
* немца:
[ɲ e m t̪s̪ ə]
Occurrences:
986
Examples:
* отцу:
[ɐ t̪s̪ː u]
* ниццу:
[ɲ i t̪s̪ː ʊ]
* ситца:
[sʲ i t̪s̪ː ə]
* отцов:
[ɐ t̪s̪ː o f]
Occurrences:
52
Examples:
Occurrences:
9
Examples:
* янцзы:
[j a n̪ d̪z̪ː ɨ]
* цзы:
[d̪z̪ː ɨ]
Occurrences:
39,060
Examples:
* речь:
[rʲ e tɕ]
* рачил:
[r ɐ tɕ i ɫ]
* печка:
[pʲ e tɕ k ə]
* чекой:
[tɕ ɪ k o j]
Occurrences:
1,290
Examples:
* путчи:
[p u tɕː ɪ]
* четче:
[tɕ e tɕː e]
* отчет:
[ɐ tɕː ɪ t̪]
* матчи:
[m a tɕː ɪ]

Sibilant
Occurrences:
114,322
Examples:
* янус:
[j a n̪ ʊ s̪]
* соусу:
[s̪ o ʊ s̪ ʊ]
* гасну:
[ɡ a s̪ n̪ ʊ]
* стажу:
[s̪ t̪ a ʐ ʊ]
Occurrences:
6,451
Examples:
* ссать:
[s̪ː a tʲ]
* ссуди:
[s̪ː ʊ dʲ i]
* лассо:
[ɫ ɐ s̪ː o]
* ссут:
[s̪ː u t̪]
Occurrences:
62,391
Examples:
* разор:
[r ə z̪ ə r]
* сдаёт:
[z̪ d̪ ɐ j ɵ t̪]
* мызой:
[m ɨ z̪ ə j]
* змеей:
[z̪ mʲ e j ɪ j]
Occurrences:
198
Examples:
* изза:
[ɪ ə z̪ː ə]
* сзади:
[z̪ː a dʲ ɪ]
Occurrences:
75,705
Examples:
* власе:
[v ɫ a sʲ e]
* следе:
[sʲ ʎ e dʲ e]
* иксе:
[i c sʲ e]
* следу:
[sʲ ʎ e d̪ ʊ]
Occurrences:
2,051
Examples:
* вёзся:
[vʲ ɵ sʲː ə]
* массе:
[m a sʲː e]
* муссе:
[m u sʲː e]
* мессе:
[mʲ e sʲː e]
Occurrences:
13,001
Examples:
* разим:
[r ɐ zʲ i m]
* абазе:
[ɐ b a zʲ e]
* стезе:
[sʲ tʲ ɪ zʲ e]
* сузив:
[s̪ u zʲ ɪ f]
Occurrences:
11
Examples:
* оззи:
[o zʲː ɪ]
Occurrences:
60,057
Examples:
* шипев:
[ʂ ɨ pʲ e f]
* бьёшь:
[bʲ j ɵ ʂ]
* пуншу:
[p u n̪ ʂ ʊ]
* векш:
[vʲ e k ʂ]
Occurrences:
727
Examples:
* сшила:
[ʂː ɨ ɫ ə]
* сшиб:
[ʂː ɨ p]
* сшил:
[ʂː ɨ ɫ]
* сшиби:
[ʂː ɨ bʲ i]
Occurrences:
25,733
Examples:
* режим:
[rʲ ɪ ʐ ɨ m]
* стажу:
[s̪ t̪ a ʐ ʊ]
* жидке:
[ʐ ɨ t̪ c e]
* нежа:
[ɲ e ʐ ə]
Occurrences:
1,030
Examples:
* езжав:
[j ɪ ʐː a f]
* визжа:
[vʲ ɪ ʐː a]
* вожжу:
[v ɐ ʐː u]
* позже:
[p o ʐː ɨ]
Occurrences:
691
Examples:
* винищ:
[vʲ ɪ ɲ i ɕ]
* мощь:
[m o ɕ]
* вещ:
[vʲ e ɕ]
* дрищ:
[d̪ rʲ i ɕ]
Occurrences:
19,735
Examples:
* тёщею:
[tʲ ɵ ɕː ɪ j ʊ]
* кущею:
[k u ɕː ɪ j ʊ]
* соищу:
[s̪ ə ɪ ɕː u]
* вещий:
[vʲ e ɕː ɪ j]
Occurrences:
732
Examples:
* езжав:
[j ɪ ʑː a f]
* дожде:
[d̪ ɐ ʑː e]
* визжа:
[vʲ ɪ ʑː a]
* вожжу:
[v ɐ ʑː u]

Fricative
Occurrences:
57,073
Examples:
* шипев:
[ʂ ɨ pʲ e f]
* фэнам:
[f ɛ n̪ ə m]
* кофре:
[k o f rʲ e]
* вняв:
[v ɲ a f]
Occurrences:
5,969
Examples:
* впишу:
[fʲ pʲ ɪ ʂ u]
* ферзи:
[fʲ ɪ r zʲ i]
* софит:
[s̪ ɐ fʲ i t̪]
* бровь:
[b r o fʲ]
Occurrences:
196
Examples:
Occurrences:
38
Examples:
* хоффа:
[x ɐ fː ə]
* куффу:
[k u fː ʊ]
* куффы:
[k u fː ɨ]
* хоффу:
[x ɐ fː ʊ]
Occurrences:
116,962
Examples:
* оравы:
[ɐ r a v ɨ]
* власе:
[v ɫ a sʲ e]
* вуях:
[v u j ə x]
* вняв:
[v ɲ a f]
Occurrences:
33,769
Examples:
* векш:
[vʲ e k ʂ]
* вешая:
[vʲ e ʂ ə j ə]
* ловим:
[ɫ o vʲ ɪ m]
* верны:
[vʲ e r n̪ ɨ]
Occurrences:
273
Examples:
* введи:
[vʲː ɪ dʲ i]
* введя:
[vʲː ɪ dʲ a]
* ввяз:
[vʲː a s̪]
* ввёз:
[vʲː ɵ s̪]
Occurrences:
188
Examples:
* аввам:
[a vː ə m]
* ввоз:
[vː o s̪]
* ввалю:
[vː ɐ ʎ u]
* аввою:
[a vː ə j ʊ]
Occurrences:
2,991
Examples:
* дыхи:
[d̪ ɨ ç ɪ]
* хитон:
[ç ɪ t̪ o n̪]
* бэхи:
[b ɛ ç ɪ]
* махин:
[m ɐ ç i n̪]

Approximant
Occurrences:
175,175
Examples:
* янус:
[j a n̪ ʊ s̪]
* тёщею:
[tʲ ɵ ɕː ɪ j ʊ]
* бьёшь:
[bʲ j ɵ ʂ]
* купою:
[k u p ə j ʊ]
Occurrences:
89
Examples:
* райю:
[r a jː ʊ]
* райям:
[r a jː ə m]
* вайю:
[v a jː ʊ]
* майею:
[m a jː ɪ j ʊ]

Trill
Occurrences:
152,094
Examples:
* разим:
[r ɐ zʲ i m]
* роба:
[r o b ə]
* отрыл:
[ɐ t̪ r ɨ ɫ]
* рачил:
[r ɐ tɕ i ɫ]
Occurrences:
76,338
Examples:
* речь:
[rʲ e tɕ]
* гири:
[ɟ i rʲ ɪ]
* режим:
[rʲ ɪ ʐ ɨ m]
* пырей:
[p ɨ rʲ e j]
Occurrences:
294
Examples:
* герре:
[ɟ e rʲː e]
* мирре:
[mʲ i rʲː e]
* перри:
[pʲ ɪ rʲː i]
* гарри:
[ɡ a rʲː ɪ]
Occurrences:
359
Examples:
* тррах:
[t̪ rː ə x]
* герра:
[ɟ e rː ə]
* терра:
[tʲ ɪ rː ə]
* эрроу:
[ɪ rː o ʊ]

Lateral
Occurrences:
84,619
Examples:
* плаха:
[p ɫ a x ə]
* отрыл:
[ɐ t̪ r ɨ ɫ]
* рачил:
[r ɐ tɕ i ɫ]
* крылу:
[k r ɨ ɫ u]
Occurrences:
674
Examples:
* аллах:
[ɐ ɫː a x]
* виллы:
[vʲ i ɫː ɨ]
* галлы:
[ɡ a ɫː ɨ]
* галла:
[ɡ a ɫː ə]
Occurrences:
89,260
Examples:
* линь:
[ʎ i ɲ]
* пепле:
[pʲ e p ʎ e]
* нолю:
[n̪ ɐ ʎ u]
* болят:
[b ɐ ʎ a t̪]
Occurrences:
1,269
Examples:
* нелли:
[n̪ ɨ ʎː ɪ]
* колли:
[k o ʎː ɪ]
* ролле:
[r o ʎː e]
* булле:
[b u ʎː e]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Front

Near-Front

Central

Near-Back

Back

Close
Occurrences:
77,764
Examples:
* разим:
[r ɐ zʲ i m]
* гири:
[ɟ i rʲ ɪ]
* линь:
[ʎ i ɲ]
* рачил:
[r ɐ tɕ i ɫ]
Occurrences:
128,753
Examples:
* шипев:
[ʂ ɨ pʲ e f]
* отрыл:
[ɐ t̪ r ɨ ɫ]
* режим:
[rʲ ɪ ʐ ɨ m]
* ныне:
[n̪ ɨ ɲ e]
Occurrences:
12,332
Examples:
* кочую:
[k ɐ tɕ ʉ j ʊ]
* юлил:
[j ʉ ʎ i ɫ]
* бюсте:
[bʲ ʉ sʲ tʲ e]
* тюлям:
[tʲ ʉ ʎ ə m]
Occurrences:
35,960
Examples:
* пуншу:
[p u n̪ ʂ ʊ]
* купою:
[k u p ə j ʊ]
* нюхаю:
[ɲ u x ə j ʊ]
* буки:
[b u c ɪ]
Occurrences:
391,416
Examples:
* гири:
[ɟ i rʲ ɪ]
* тёщею:
[tʲ ɵ ɕː ɪ j ʊ]
* режим:
[rʲ ɪ ʐ ɨ m]
* буки:
[b u c ɪ]
Occurrences:
105,500
Examples:
* янус:
[j a n̪ ʊ s̪]
* тёщею:
[tʲ ɵ ɕː ɪ j ʊ]
* пуншу:
[p u n̪ ʂ ʊ]
* соусу:
[s̪ o ʊ s̪ ʊ]

Close-Mid
Occurrences:
89,942
Examples:
* речь:
[rʲ e tɕ]
* шипев:
[ʂ ɨ pʲ e f]
* печка:
[pʲ e tɕ k ə]
* абазе:
[ɐ b a zʲ e]
Occurrences:
14,754
Examples:
* тёщею:
[tʲ ɵ ɕː ɪ j ʊ]
* бьёшь:
[bʲ j ɵ ʂ]
* сдаёт:
[z̪ d̪ ɐ j ɵ t̪]
* гнёшь:
[ɟ ɲ ɵ ʂ]
Occurrences:
62,139
Examples:
* роба:
[r o b ə]
* соусу:
[s̪ o ʊ s̪ ʊ]
* робя:
[r o bʲ ə]
* анон:
[ɐ n̪ o n̪]
Occurrences:
346,275
Examples:
* плаха:
[p ɫ a x ə]
* роба:
[r o b ə]
* купою:
[k u p ə j ʊ]
* нюхаю:
[ɲ u x ə j ʊ]

Open-Mid
Occurrences:
10,020
Examples:
* фэнам:
[f ɛ n̪ ə m]
* поэте:
[p o ɛ tʲ e]
* мэрия:
[m ɛ rʲ ɪ j ə]
* рацея:
[r ɐ t̪s̪ ɛ j ə]
Occurrences:
18,704
Examples:
* ряби:
[rʲ æ bʲ ɪ]
* явит:
[j æ vʲ ɪ t̪]
* баяне:
[b ɐ j æ ɲ e]
* снясь:
[sʲ ɲ æ sʲ]
Occurrences:
217,564
Examples:
* разим:
[r ɐ zʲ i m]
* отрыл:
[ɐ t̪ r ɨ ɫ]
* рачил:
[r ɐ tɕ i ɫ]
* абазе:
[ɐ b a zʲ e]

Open
Occurrences:
141,863
Examples:
* янус:
[j a n̪ ʊ s̪]
* плаха:
[p ɫ a x ə]
* абазе:
[ɐ b a zʲ e]
* карм:
[k a r m]
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