Ctrl+K
Ctrl+K

Turkish MFA dictionary v2.0.0a#

  • Maintainer: Montreal Forced Aligner

  • Language: Turkish

  • Dialect: N/A

  • Phone set: MFA

  • Number of words: 43,247

  • Phones: a aː b bː c cː dʒ dʒː d̪ d̪ː e eː f fː h hː i iː j jː k kː m mː n̪ n̪ː o oː p pː s̪ s̪ː tʃ tʃː t̪ t̪ː u uː v vː y yː z̪ z̪ː ç çː ø øː ŋ œ ɛ ɟ ɡ ɡː ɨ ɪ ɪː ɫ ɫː ɯ ɯː ɰ ɲ ɾ ɾː ʃ ʃː ʊ ʎ ʎː ʏ ʒ

  • License: CC BY 4.0

  • Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0

  • Citation:

@techreport{mfa_turkish_mfa_dictionary_2022,
	author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	title={Turkish MFA dictionary v2.0.0a},
	address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Turkish/Turkish MFA dictionary v2_0_0a.html}},
	year={2022},
	month={May},
}

G2P models

Acoustic models
../../_images/full_logo_yellow.svg

Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary turkish_mfa

Or download from the release page.

The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the plain dictionary.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Turkish transcripts.

This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Turkish, and was used in training the Turkish MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner

Labial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Alveopalatal

Palatal

Velar

Glottal

Nasal
Occurrences:
17,592
Examples:
* içmem:
[i t ʃ m e m]
* ekme:
[e c m ɛ]
* mudur:
[m u d ̪ u ɾ]
* emmim:
[e m ː i m]
Occurrences:
51
Examples:
* emmiş:
[e m ː i ʃ]
* amma:
[a m ː a]
* jimmy:
[ʒ i m ː i]
* hımm:
[h ɯ m ː]
Occurrences:
27,022
Examples:
* burun:
[b u ɾ u n ̪]
* izni:
[i z ̪ n ̪ ɪ]
* önder:
[ø n ̪ d ̪ e ɾ]
* yaşın:
[j a ʃ ɯ n ̪]
Occurrences:
76
Examples:
* anne:
[a n ̪ ː ɛ]
* ninni:
[n ̪ i n ̪ ː ɪ]
* annem:
[a n ̪ ː e m]
* annen:
[a n ̪ ː e n ̪]
Occurrences:
189
Examples:
* süngü:
[s ̪ y ɲ ɟ ʏ]
* engel:
[ɛ ɲ ɟ e ʎ]
* dink:
[d ̪ i ɲ c]
* anki:
[a ɲ c ɪ]
Occurrences:
205
Examples:
* enka:
[ɛ ŋ k a]
* inkâr:
[i ŋ k a ɾ]
* inga:
[i ŋ ɡ a]
* ahenk:
[a ç ɛ ŋ k]

Stop
Occurrences:
3,322
Examples:
* pkk:
[p e c e c ɛ]
* topik:
[t ̪ o p i c]
* sepet:
[s ̪ e p e t ̪]
* depo:
[d ̪ e p o]
Occurrences:
6
Examples:
* züppe:
[z ̪ y p ː ɛ]
* kappa:
[k a p ː a]
* zappa:
[z ̪ a p ː a]
Occurrences:
6,159
Examples:
* başak:
[b a ʃ a k]
* ezber:
[e z ̪ b e ɾ]
* çaba:
[t ʃ a b a]
* berna:
[b ɛ ɾ n ̪ a]
Occurrences:
22
Examples:
* kubbe:
[k u b ː ɛ]
* tıbbi:
[t ̪ ɯ b ː ɪ]
* abbas:
[a b ː a s ̪]
Occurrences:
13,355
Examples:
* katti:
[k a t ̪ ː ɪ]
* çatal:
[t ʃ a t ̪ a ɫ]
* kenti:
[c e n ̪ t ̪ ɪ]
* tenha:
[t ̪ e n ̪ h a]
Occurrences:
630
Examples:
* yattı:
[j a t ̪ ː ɨ]
* itti:
[i t ̪ ː ɪ]
* tattı:
[t ̪ a t ̪ ː ɨ]
* gatt:
[ɡ a t ̪ ː]
Occurrences:
16,616
Examples:
* duyan:
[d ̪ u j a n ̪]
* daya:
[d ̪ a j a]
* dönüp:
[d ̪ ø n ̪ y p]
* rpde:
[ɾ p d ̪ ɛ]
Occurrences:
140
Examples:
* maddi:
[m a d ̪ ː ɪ]
* ciddi:
[d ʒ i d ̪ ː ɪ]
* zıddı:
[z ̪ ɯ d ̪ ː ɨ]
* cadde:
[d ʒ a d ̪ ː ɛ]
Occurrences:
5,951
Examples:
* bekaj:
[b e c a ʒ]
* öksüz:
[ø c s ̪ y z ̪]
* kirli:
[c i ɾ ʎ ɪ]
* küba:
[c y b a]
Occurrences:
24
Examples:
* ökkeş:
[ø c ː e ʃ]
* takke:
[t ̪ a c ː ɛ]
* sikke:
[s ̪ i c ː ɛ]
Occurrences:
3,321
Examples:
* dalga:
[d ̪ a ɫ ɟ a]
* güreş:
[ɟ y ɾ e ʃ]
* geber:
[ɟ e b e ɾ]
* gülüp:
[ɟ y ʎ y p]
Occurrences:
11,248
Examples:
* büktü:
[b y k t ̪ ʏ]
* mark:
[m a ɾ k]
* kolum:
[k o ɫ u m]
* kulun:
[k u ɫ u n ̪]
Occurrences:
84
Examples:
* okka:
[o k ː a]
* akka:
[a k ː a]
* dakka:
[d ̪ a k ː a]
* hakkı:
[h a k ː ɨ]
Occurrences:
685
Examples:
* lpg:
[ʎ e p e ɡ ɛ]
* gatt:
[ɡ a t ̪ ː]
* saygı:
[s ̪ a j ɡ ɨ]
* damga:
[d ̪ a m ɡ a]
Occurrences:
2
Examples:

Affricate
Occurrences:
3,645
Examples:
* çakal:
[t ʃ a k a ɫ]
* çıkış:
[t ʃ ɯ c ɾ ɯ ʃ]
* uçan:
[u t ʃ a n ̪]
* açtı:
[a t ʃ t ̪ ɨ]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
Occurrences:
4,342
Examples:
* yüce:
[j y d ʒ ɛ]
* kocar:
[k o d ʒ a ɾ]
* edici:
[e d ̪ i d ʒ ɪ]
* bac:
[b a d ʒ]
Occurrences:
7
Examples:
* hacca:
[h a d ʒ ː a]

Sibilant
Occurrences:
12,102
Examples:
* islak:
[i s ̪ ɫ a k]
* asiye:
[a s ̪ i j ɛ]
* suyun:
[s ̪ u j u n ̪]
* sahir:
[s ̪ a ç i ɾ]
Occurrences:
115
Examples:
* öss:
[ø s ̪ ː]
* jesse:
[ʒ e s ̪ ː ɛ]
* bassa:
[b a s ̪ ː a]
* hass:
[h a s ̪ ː]
Occurrences:
6,426
Examples:
* azı:
[a z ̪ ɨ]
* bozar:
[b o z ̪ a ɾ]
* gezdi:
[ɟ e z ̪ d ̪ ɪ]
* kazı:
[k a z ̪ ɨ]
Occurrences:
14
Examples:
* gazze:
[ɡ a z ̪ ː ɛ]
Occurrences:
6,973
Examples:
* aşkın:
[a ʃ k ɯ n ̪]
* çitin:
[t ʃ i t ̪ i n ̪]
* kaşık:
[k a ʃ ɯ k]
* kaç:
[k a t ʃ]
Occurrences:
4
Examples:
* eşşek:
[e ʃ ː e c]
Occurrences:
251
Examples:
* çince:
[t ʃ i n ̪ d ʒ ɛ]
* casus:
[d ʒ a s ̪ u s ̪]
* ağaca:
[a a d ʒ a]
* hacmi:
[h a d ʒ m ɪ]

Fricative
Occurrences:
1,792
Examples:
* five:
[f i v ɛ]
* lifli:
[ʎ i f ʎ ɪ]
* faili:
[f a i ʎ ɪ]
* fakat:
[f a k a t ̪]
Occurrences:
25
Examples:
* iffet:
[i f ː e t ̪]
* öff:
[ø f ː]
* duffy:
[d ̪ u f ː i]
* affet:
[a f ː e t ̪]
Occurrences:
2,848
Examples:
* vurdu:
[v u ɾ d ̪ ʊ]
* yavru:
[j a v ɾ ʊ]
* pavel:
[p a v e ʎ]
* juva:
[ʒ u v a]
Occurrences:
44
Examples:
* evvel:
[e v ː e ʎ]
Occurrences:
698
Examples:
* dhkpc:
[d ̪ e ç e c e p e d ʒ ɛ]
* hişt:
[ç i ʃ t ̪]
* şahit:
[ʃ a ç i t ̪]
* hisle:
[ç i s ̪ ʎ ɛ]
Occurrences:
7
Examples:
* sıhhi:
[s ̪ ɯ ç ː ɪ]
Occurrences:
2,651
Examples:
* şehre:
[ʃ e h ɾ ɛ]
* merih:
[m e ɾ i h]
* tamah:
[t ̪ a m a h]
* vazıh:
[v a z ̪ ɯ h]
Occurrences:
13
Examples:
* uhhuh:
[u h ː u h]
* öhhü:
[ø h ː ʏ]
* ohhü:
[o h ː ʏ]
* ahha:
[a h ː a]

Approximant
Occurrences:
14,850
Examples:
* ayıbı:
[a j ɯ b ɨ]
* ayran:
[a j ɾ a n ̪]
* giyer:
[ɟ i j e ɾ]
* şeydi:
[ʃ e j d ̪ ɪ]
Occurrences:
29
Examples:
* ayyar:
[a j ː a ɾ]
* ayyaş:
[a j ː a ʃ]
Occurrences:
2,021
Examples:
* boğar:
[b o ɰ a ɾ]
* ayağa:
[a j a ɰ a]
* sağım:
[s ̪ a ɰ ɯ m]
* yağar:
[j a ɰ a ɾ]

Tap
Occurrences:
27,151
Examples:
* prof:
[p ɾ o f]
* teori:
[t ̪ e o ɾ ɪ]
* durma:
[d ̪ u ɾ m a]
* sirk:
[s ̪ i ɾ c]
Occurrences:
51
Examples:
* şerri:
[ʃ e ɾ ː ɪ]
* pırrr:
[p ɯ ɾ ː]
* şerre:
[ʃ e ɾ ː ɛ]
* zerre:
[z ̪ e ɾ ː ɛ]

Lateral
Occurrences:
14,862
Examples:
* oyla:
[o j ɫ a]
* çaplı:
[t ʃ a p ɫ ɨ]
* ukala:
[u k a ɫ a]
* öldün:
[ø ɫ d ̪ y n ̪]
Occurrences:
382
Examples:
* hall:
[h a ɫ ː]
* çallı:
[t ʃ a ɫ ː ɨ]
* all:
[a ɫ ː]
* allah:
[a ɫ ː a]
Occurrences:
10,269
Examples:
* şekil:
[ʃ e c i ʎ]
* lere:
[ʎ e ɾ ɛ]
* dölü:
[d ̪ ø ʎ ʏ]
* kmlik:
[k m ʎ i c]
Occurrences:
437
Examples:
* sille:
[s ̪ i ʎ ː ɛ]
* dilli:
[d ̪ i ʎ ː ɪ]
* eller:
[e ʎ ː e ɾ]
* kelle:
[c e ʎ ː ɛ]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Front

Near-Front

Central

Near-Back

Back

Close
Occurrences:
23,548
Examples:
* inen:
[i n ̪ e n ̪]
* nasip:
[n ̪ a s ̪ i p]
* sildi:
[s ̪ i ʎ i d ̪ ɪ]
* fiyat:
[f i j a t ̪]
Occurrences:
24
Examples:
* çiğli:
[t ʃ i ː ʎ ɪ]
* iğne:
[i ː n ̪ ɛ]
* niğde:
[n ̪ i ː d ̪ ɛ]
* çiğne:
[t ʃ i ː n ̪ ɛ]
Occurrences:
6,145
Examples:
* ölüme:
[ø ʎ y m ɛ]
* düşer:
[d ̪ y ʃ e ɾ]
* yürü:
[j y ɾ ʏ]
* üye:
[y j ɛ]
Occurrences:
4
Examples:
* düğme:
[d ̪ y ː m ɛ]
* büğrü:
[b y ː ɾ ʏ]
Occurrences:
5,437
Examples:
* sazı:
[s ̪ a z ̪ ɨ]
* aşçı:
[a ʃ t ʃ ɨ]
* sızdı:
[s ̪ ɯ z ̪ d ̪ ɨ]
* başlı:
[b a ʃ ɫ ɨ]
Occurrences:
20,294
Examples:
* mısın:
[m ɯ s ̪ ɯ n ̪]
* açın:
[a t ʃ ɯ n ̪]
* kırar:
[k ɯ ɾ a ɾ]
* yakıp:
[j a k ɯ p]
Occurrences:
17
Examples:
* atığ:
[a t ̪ ɯ ː]
* çığ:
[t ʃ ɯ ː]
Occurrences:
11,506
Examples:
* otuza:
[o t ̪ u z ̪ a]
* kabul:
[k a b u ɫ]
* şura:
[ʃ u ɾ a]
* tut:
[t ̪ u t ̪]
Occurrences:
86
Examples:
* uğra:
[u ː ɾ a]
* huğlu:
[h u ː ɫ ʊ]
* tuğra:
[t ̪ u ː ɾ a]
* uğur:
[u ː ɾ]
Occurrences:
4,904
Examples:
* adli:
[a d ̪ ʎ ɪ]
* aldi:
[a ɫ d ̪ ɪ]
* içini:
[i t ʃ i n ̪ ɪ]
* kenti:
[c e n ̪ t ̪ ɪ]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* çiğ:
[t ʃ ɪ ː]
Occurrences:
499
Examples:
* dölü:
[d ̪ ø ʎ ʏ]
* ürktü:
[y ɾ c t ̪ ʏ]
* görkü:
[ɟ ø ɾ c ʏ]
* üzdü:
[y z ̪ d ̪ ʏ]
Occurrences:
1,502
Examples:
* doru:
[d ̪ o ɾ ʊ]
* huğlu:
[h u ː ɫ ʊ]
* kodu:
[k o d ̪ ʊ]
* doğru:
[d ̪ o ː ɾ ʊ]

Close-Mid
Occurrences:
25,601
Examples:
* tesav:
[t ̪ e s ̪ a v]
* türev:
[t ̪ y ɾ e v]
* yense:
[j e n ̪ s ̪ ɛ]
* merak:
[m e ɾ a k]
Occurrences:
69
Examples:
* eğri:
[e ː ɾ ɪ]
* değme:
[d ̪ e ː m ɛ]
* eğdi:
[e ː d ̪ ɪ]
* değse:
[d ̪ e ː s ̪ ɛ]
Occurrences:
2,725
Examples:
* öküz:
[ø c y z ̪]
* öbek:
[ø b e c]
* dönüm:
[d ̪ ø n ̪ y m]
* görme:
[ɟ ø ɾ m ɛ]
Occurrences:
113
Examples:
* öğle:
[ø ː ʎ ɛ]
* öğlen:
[ø ː ʎ e n ̪]
* öğren:
[ø ː ɾ e n ̪]
Occurrences:
8,835
Examples:
* hoş:
[h o ʃ]
* ikona:
[i k o n ̪ a]
* toklu:
[t ̪ o k ɫ ʊ]
* credo:
[d ʒ ɾ e d ̪ o]
Occurrences:
153
Examples:
* oğlum:
[o ː ɫ u m]
* oğlak:
[o ː ɫ a k]
* oğlan:
[o ː ɫ a n ̪]
* doğru:
[d ̪ o ː ɾ ʊ]

Open-Mid
Occurrences:
6,832
Examples:
* müge:
[m y ɟ ɛ]
* gece:
[ɟ e d ʒ ɛ]
* kelt:
[c ɛ ʎ t ̪]
* sende:
[s ̪ e n ̪ d ̪ ɛ]
Occurrences:
4
Examples:
* fetö:
[f e t ̪ œ]
* fkö:
[f e c e œ]
* dtö:
[d ̪ e t ̪ e œ]

Open
Occurrences:
47,570
Examples:
* şan:
[ʃ a n ̪]
* mazur:
[m a z ̪ u ɾ]
* kaz:
[k a z ̪]
* lavaş:
[ɫ a v a ʃ]
Occurrences:
407
Examples:
* sağcı:
[s ̪ a ː d ʒ ɨ]
* bağ:
[b a ː]
* saat:
[s ̪ a ː t ̪]
* ağza:
[a ː z ̪ a]
On this page
Show Source