Vietnamese CV dictionary v2.0.0#
@misc{Ahn_Chodroff_2022,
author={Ahn, Emily and Chodroff, Eleanor},
title={VoxCommunis Corpus},
address={\url{https://osf.io/t957v}},
publisher={OSF},
year={2022},
month={Jan}
}
Acoustic models |
Installation#
Install from the MFA command line:
mfa model download dictionary vietnamese_cv
Or download from the release page.
Intended use#
This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Vietnamese transcripts.
This dictionary uses the XPF phone set for Vietnamese, and was used in training the Vietnamese XPF acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.
Performance Factors#
When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.
Ethical considerations#
Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.
Demographic Bias#
You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.
IPA Charts#
Consonants#
Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.
Manner |
Labial |
Labiodental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal |
Occurrences: 266 Examples: * mãi: [m aː˧˥ˀ j] * mảnh: [m aː˧˩˧ ŋ] * lam: [l aː˧ m] * giùm: [z u˨˩ m] |
Occurrences: 416 Examples: * nàng: [n̪ aː˨˩ ŋ] * nốt: [n̪ o˧˥ t̪] * thản: [t̪ʰ aː˧˩˧ n̪] * cơn: [k ɤː˧ n̪] |
Occurrences: 72 Examples: * nhớ: [ɲ ɤː˧˥] * nhủ: [ɲ u˧˩˧] * nhịp: [ɲ i˨˩ˀ p] * nhật: [ɲ ɤ˨˩ˀ t̪] |
Occurrences: 454 Examples: * đương: [ɗ ɯɤ˧˧ ŋ] * nàng: [n̪ aː˨˩ ŋ] * cung: [k u˧ ŋ] * khinh: [x i˧ ŋ] |
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Stop Plain |
Occurrences: 75 Examples: * rớp: [z ɤː˧˥ p] * tập: [t̪ ɤ˨˩ˀ p] * nhịp: [ɲ i˨˩ˀ p] * cặp: [k a˨˩ˀ p] |
Occurrences: 317 Examples: * tảo: [t̪ aː˧˩˧ ɔ˧] * nốt: [n̪ o˧˥ t̪] * bớt: [ɓ ɤː˧˥ t̪] * biết: [ɓ ie˧˧˥ t̪] |
Occurrences: 340 Examples: * cung: [k u˧ ŋ] * cơn: [k ɤː˧ n̪] * ngoc: [ŋ ɔ˧ k] * sức: [s ɯ˧˥ k] |
Occurrences: 89 Examples: * ủng: [ʔ u˧˩˧ ŋ] * alo: [ʔ aː˧ l ɔ˧] * ươm: [ʔ ɯɤ˧˧ m] * uất: [ʔ u˧ ɤ˧˥ t̪] |
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Implosive |
Occurrences: 121 Examples: * bớt: [ɓ ɤː˧˥ t̪] * biết: [ɓ ie˧˧˥ t̪] * bại: [ɓ aː˨˩ˀ j] * bước: [ɓ ɯɤ˧˧˥ k] |
Occurrences: 145 Examples: * đương: [ɗ ɯɤ˧˧ ŋ] * đảng: [ɗ aː˧˩˧ ŋ] * đừng: [ɗ ɯ˨˩ ŋ] * đeo: [ɗ ɛ˧ w] |
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Affricate |
Occurrences: 195 Examples: * tra: [tɕ aː˧] * chồn: [tɕ o˨˩ n̪] * trì: [tɕ i˨˩] * che: [tɕ ɛ˧] |
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Sibilant |
Occurrences: 141 Examples: * xộn: [s o˨˩ˀ n̪] * sức: [s ɯ˧˥ k] * sóc: [s ɔ˧˥ k] * xong: [s ɔ˧ ŋ] Occurrences: 213 Examples: * rớp: [z ɤː˧˥ p] * dại: [z aː˨˩ˀ j] * giùm: [z u˨˩ m] * giấu: [z ɤ˧˥ u˧] |
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Fricative |
Occurrences: 46 Examples: * phan: [f aː˧ n̪] * phũ: [f u˧˥ˀ] * phê: [f e˧] * phẩm: [f ɤ˧˩˧ m] Occurrences: 94 Examples: * vách: [v aː˧˥ k] * vực: [v ɯ˨˩ˀ k] * vậy: [v ɤ˨˩ˀ j] * vía: [v ie˧˥˧] |
Occurrences: 124 Examples: * hoài: [h ɔ˧ aː˨˩ j] * hại: [h aː˨˩ˀ j] * hộc: [h o˨˩ˀ k] * hôn: [h o˧ n̪] |
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Approximant |
Occurrences: 67 Examples: * đeo: [ɗ ɛ˧ w] * quân: [k w ɤ˧ n̪] * quạt: [k w aː˨˩ˀ t̪] * xoa: [s w aː˧] |
Occurrences: 278 Examples: * gửi: [ɣ ɯ˧˩˧ j] * mãi: [m aː˧˥ˀ j] * thay: [t̪ʰ aː˧ j] * dại: [z aː˨˩ˀ j] |
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Lateral |
Occurrences: 128 Examples: * lam: [l aː˧ m] * lạc: [l aː˨˩ˀ k] * lội: [l o˨˩ˀ j] * liên: [l ie˧˧ n̪] |
Vowels#
Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.
Front |
Near-Front |
Central |
Near-Back |
Back |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close |
Occurrences: 175 Examples: * khít: [x i˧˥ t̪] * tĩnh: [t̪ i˧˥ˀ ŋ] * thỉnh: [t̪ʰ i˧˩˧ ŋ] * nhít: [ɲ i˧˥ t̪] |
Occurrences: 75 Examples: * sửng: [s ɯ˧˩˧ ŋ] * sức: [s ɯ˧˥ k] * dưng: [z ɯ˧ ŋ] * trưng: [tɕ ɯ˧ ŋ] Occurrences: 283 Examples: * gũi: [ɣ u˧˥ˀ j] * nhủ: [ɲ u˧˩˧] * giùm: [z u˨˩ m] * chùm: [tɕ u˨˩ m] |
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Close-Mid |
Occurrences: 83 Examples: * đều: [ɗ e˨˩ u˧] * trễ: [tɕ e˧˥ˀ] * hển: [h e˧˩˧ n̪] * nêu: [n̪ e˧ u˧] |
Occurrences: 219 Examples: * lẫn: [l ɤ˧˥ˀ n̪] * tập: [t̪ ɤ˨˩ˀ p] * đẩy: [ɗ ɤ˧˩˧ j] * dẫm: [z ɤ˧˥ˀ m] Occurrences: 116 Examples: * mời: [m ɤː˨˩ j] * hợp: [h ɤː˨˩ˀ p] * ngơi: [ŋ ɤː˧ j] * giơ: [z ɤː˧] Occurrences: 193 Examples: * đồng: [ɗ o˨˩ ŋ] * đồi: [ɗ o˨˩ j] * thổn: [t̪ʰ o˧˩˧ n̪] * lối: [l o˧˥ j] |
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Open-Mid |
Occurrences: 120 Examples: * chè: [tɕ ɛ˨˩] * thẹn: [t̪ʰ ɛ˨˩ˀ n̪] * bẹp: [ɓ ɛ˨˩ˀ p] * nhẹn: [ɲ ɛ˨˩ˀ n̪] |
Occurrences: 259 Examples: * ngọc: [ŋ ɔ˨˩ˀ k] * thói: [t̪ʰ ɔ˧˥ j] * hỏng: [h ɔ˧˩˧ ŋ] * thọ: [t̪ʰ ɔ˨˩ˀ] |
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Open |
Occurrences: 125 Examples: * răng: [z a˧ ŋ] * nhắn: [ɲ a˧˥ n̪] * vẳng: [v a˧˩˧ ŋ] * thẳng: [t̪ʰ a˧˩˧ ŋ] Occurrences: 506 Examples: * mảnh: [m aː˧˩˧ ŋ] * vách: [v aː˧˥ k] * dãi: [z aː˧˥ˀ j] * thay: [t̪ʰ aː˧ j] |
Diphthongs#
ie
uo
ɯɤ
Tones#
˧
˧˥
˧˥ˀ
˧˥ˀ˧
˧˥˧
˧˧
˧˧˥
˧˧˥ˀ
˧˧˩˧
˧˨˩
˧˨˩ˀ
˧˩˧
˧˩˧˧
˨˩
˨˩ˀ
˨˩ˀ˧
˨˩˧