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Dutch CV dictionary v2.0.0#

  • Maintainer: Vox Communis

  • Language: Dutch

  • Dialect: N/A

  • Phone set: Epitran

  • Number of words: 34,788

  • Phones: a aː b c d eː f h i iː j k l m n oː p r s t u uː v w x y yː z øː ŋ œ ɑ ɔ ɔ̈ ɛ ɛ̈ ɣ ɥ ɪ ʃ ʋ ʏ ʏ̈

  • License: CC-0

  • Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0

  • Citation:

@misc{Ahn_Chodroff_2022,
	author={Ahn, Emily and Chodroff, Eleanor},
	title={VoxCommunis Corpus},
	address={\url{https://osf.io/t957v}},
	publisher={OSF},
	year={2022},
	month={Jan}
}

Acoustic models

Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary dutch_cv

Or download from the release page.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Dutch transcripts.

This dictionary uses the Epitran phone set for Dutch, and was used in training the Dutch Epitran acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner

Labial

Labiodental

Alveolar

Alveopalatal

Palatal

Velar

Glottal

Nasal
Occurrences:
7,728
Examples:
* maps?:
[m ɑ p s]
* amber:
[ɑ m b ɛ r]
* moet,:
[m uː t]
* matig:
[m aː t ɪ x]
Occurrences:
27,213
Examples:
* ons.:
[ɔ n s]
* slang:
[s l ɑ n x]
* vanop:
[v aː n ɔ p]
* horen:
[h oː r ɛ n]
Occurrences:
2,218
Examples:
* ing.:
[ɪ ŋ]
* enge:
[ɛ ŋ eː]
* lang.:
[l ɑ ŋ]
* lang?:
[l ɑ ŋ]

Stop
Occurrences:
7,965
Examples:
* maps?:
[m ɑ p s]
* pff,:
[p f f]
* speld:
[s p ɛ l t]
* plaat:
[p l aː t]
Occurrences:
5,207
Examples:
* amber:
[ɑ m b ɛ r]
* birma:
[b ɪ r m aː]
* boot.:
[b oː t]
* boek.:
[b uː k]
Occurrences:
25,922
Examples:
* vlot.:
[v l ɔ t]
* moet,:
[m uː t]
* flits:
[f l ɪ t s]
* fiets:
[f iː t s]
Occurrences:
10,541
Examples:
* goud.:
[ɣ ɑ w d]
* goed.:
[ɣ uː d]
* dicht:
[d ɪ x t]
* de...:
[d ɛ]
Occurrences:
2,775
Examples:
* scala:
[s c aː l aː]
* cool.:
[c oː l]
* cuba:
[c yː b aː]
* exact:
[ɛ k s ɑ c t]
Occurrences:
8,693
Examples:
* rekje:
[r ɛ k j eː]
* krim:
[k r ɪ m]
* klap:
[k l ɑ p]
* kei-:
[k ɛ j]

Sibilant
Occurrences:
18,602
Examples:
* ons.:
[ɔ n s]
* slang:
[s l ɑ n x]
* maps?:
[m ɑ p s]
* scala:
[s c aː l aː]
Occurrences:
2,648
Examples:
* inzet:
[ɪ n z ɛ t]
* zijn?:
[z ɛ j n]
* zelf::
[z ɛ l f]
* zei::
[z ɛ j]
Occurrences:
169
Examples:
* ijsje:
[ɛ j ʃ eː]
* show:
[ʃ ɔ ʋ]
* lesje:
[l ɛ ʃ eː]
* sushi:
[s ʏ ʃ iː]

Fricative
Occurrences:
3,253
Examples:
* flits:
[f l ɪ t s]
* pff,:
[p f f]
* fiets:
[f iː t s]
* treft:
[t r ɛ f t]
Occurrences:
7,695
Examples:
* vlot.:
[v l ɔ t]
* ivo:
[iː v oː]
* vanop:
[v aː n ɔ p]
* lijve:
[l ɛ j v eː]
Occurrences:
2,824
Examples:
* hals:
[h ɑ l s]
* horen:
[h oː r ɛ n]
* hoog:
[h oː x]
* hoop;:
[h oː p]

Approximant
Occurrences:
1,204
Examples:
* goud.:
[ɣ ɑ w d]
* duwde:
[d y w d eː]
* eeuw.:
[eː w]
* fauna:
[f a w ʏ n aː]
Occurrences:
3,679
Examples:
* weg,:
[ʋ ɛ ɣ]
* wél:
[ʋ ɛ l]
* kwam.:
[k ʋ ɑ m]
* dwang:
[t ʋ ɑ n x]
Occurrences:
7,576
Examples:
* gijs:
[ɣ ɛ j s]
* rekje:
[r ɛ k j eː]
* jij:
[j ɛ j]
* kei-:
[k ɛ j]
Occurrences:
1,513
Examples:
* duidt:
[d œ ɥ t t]
* vuil:
[v œ ɥ l]
* luik.:
[l œ ɥ k]
* luid:
[l œ ɥ t]

Trill
Occurrences:
25,183
Examples:
* amber:
[ɑ m b ɛ r]
* serie:
[s eː r iː eː]
* birma:
[b ɪ r m aː]
* rekje:
[r ɛ k j eː]

Lateral
Occurrences:
12,771
Examples:
* vlot.:
[v l ɔ t]
* slang:
[s l ɑ n x]
* scala:
[s c aː l aː]
* las:
[l ɑ s]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Front

Near-Front

Central

Near-Back

Back

Close
Occurrences:
33
Examples:
* nieuw:
[n i w]
Occurrences:
7,769
Examples:
* fiets:
[f iː t s]
* ivo:
[iː v oː]
* serie:
[s eː r iː eː]
* rijen:
[r iː j ɛ n]
Occurrences:
150
Examples:
* duwde:
[d y w d eː]
* ruw:
[r y w]
* ruw.:
[r y w]
* rauwe:
[r a w y w eː]
Occurrences:
1,440
Examples:
* vuur.:
[v yː r]
* uber?:
[yː b ɛ r]
* cuba:
[c yː b aː]
* unie,:
[yː n iː]
Occurrences:
152
Examples:
* bloei:
[p l u j iː]
* doei!:
[d u j]
* groei:
[x r u j iː]
* knoei:
[k n u j iː]
Occurrences:
2,009
Examples:
* moet,:
[m uː t]
* toe!:
[t uː]
* goed.:
[ɣ uː d]
* droeg:
[t r uː x]
Occurrences:
11,446
Examples:
* flits:
[f l ɪ t s]
* matig:
[m aː t ɪ x]
* birma:
[b ɪ r m aː]
* krim:
[k r ɪ m]
Occurrences:
3,184
Examples:
* euro,:
[øː ʏ r ɔ]
* ruk:
[r ʏ k]
* lukt.:
[l ʏ k t]
* forum:
[f oː r ʏ m]

Close-Mid
Occurrences:
17,824
Examples:
* serie:
[s eː r iː eː]
* rekje:
[r ɛ k j eː]
* leeg:
[l eː x]
* lenen:
[l eː n ɛ n]
Occurrences:
553
Examples:
* euro,:
[øː ʏ r ɔ]
* geur:
[ɣ øː r]
* deur:
[d øː r]
* keus:
[k øː s]
Occurrences:
7
Examples:
* dürüm:
[d ʏ̈ r ʏ̈ m]
Occurrences:
6,564
Examples:
* ivo:
[iː v oː]
* horen:
[h oː r ɛ n]
* moge:
[m oː ɣ eː]
* hoog:
[h oː x]

Open-Mid
Occurrences:
36,397
Examples:
* amber:
[ɑ m b ɛ r]
* gijs:
[ɣ ɛ j s]
* weg,:
[ʋ ɛ ɣ]
* speld:
[s p ɛ l t]
Occurrences:
1,513
Examples:
* duidt:
[d œ ɥ t t]
* vuil:
[v œ ɥ l]
* luik.:
[l œ ɥ k]
* luid:
[l œ ɥ t]
Occurrences:
54
Examples:
* zeeën:
[z eː ɛ̈ n]
Occurrences:
2
Examples:
Occurrences:
7,345
Examples:
* vlot.:
[v l ɔ t]
* ons.:
[ɔ n s]
* vanop:
[v aː n ɔ p]
* euro,:
[øː ʏ r ɔ]

Open
Occurrences:
311
Examples:
* fauna:
[f a w ʏ n aː]
* nauw.:
[n a w]
* paul:
[p a w l]
* paus.:
[p a w s]
Occurrences:
9,140
Examples:
* scala:
[s c aː l aː]
* matig:
[m aː t ɪ x]
* birma:
[b ɪ r m aː]
* plaat:
[p l aː t]
Occurrences:
9,262
Examples:
* slang:
[s l ɑ n x]
* maps?:
[m ɑ p s]
* las:
[l ɑ s]
* amber:
[ɑ m b ɛ r]
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