Portuguese MFA dictionary v2.0.0#

Maintainer: Montreal Forced Aligner
Language: Portuguese
Dialect: N/A
Phone set: MFA
Number of words: 94,655
Phones: a b c d dʒ e ẽ f i ĩ j j̃ k l m n o õ p s t tʃ u ũ v w w̃ x z ð ɐ ɐ̃ ɔ ɛ ɟ ɡ ɣ ɨ ɲ ɾ ʁ ʃ ʎ ʒ β
License: CC BY 4.0
Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0
Citation:

@techreport{mfa_portuguese_mfa_dictionary_2022,
	author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	title={Portuguese MFA dictionary v2.0.0},
	address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Portuguese/Portuguese MFA dictionary v2_0_0.html}},
	year={2022},
	month={Mar},
}

If you have comments or questions about this dictionary or its phone set, you can check previous MFA model discussion posts or create a new one.

Acoustic models

Portuguese MFA acoustic model v2.0.0

Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary portuguese_mfa

Or download from the release page.

The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the plain dictionary.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Portuguese transcripts.

This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Portuguese, and was used in training the Portuguese MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner	Labial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Alveopalatal	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	m Occurrences: 25,982 Examples: * amera: [a m ɛ ɾ a] * morsi: [m ɔ ɾ s i] * íome: [i ɔ m ɨ] * móda: [m ɔ ð ɐ]			n Occurrences: 16,904 Examples: * naiá: [n a ɐ j a] * notar: [n o t a x] * arnez: [ɐ ɾ n ɛ ʃ] * hinos: [i n u ʃ]		ɲ Occurrences: 4,338 Examples: * alane: [a l ɐ ɲ i] * junho: [ʒ u ɲ u] * sahe: [s ɐ ɲ ɨ] * nhosa: [ɲ o z ɐ]
Stop	p Occurrences: 25,620 Examples: * ipaba: [i p a b ɐ] * péon: [p ɛ õ] * peito: [p e j t u] * prats: [p ɾ a t s] b Occurrences: 10,233 Examples: * ipaba: [i p a b ɐ] * brôôô: [b ɾ o o o] * broa: [b ɾ o a] * obtê: [o b t e]			t Occurrences: 45,991 Examples: * retê: [ʁ ɨ t e] * youth: [a j u t ɣ a] * peito: [p e j t u] * prats: [p ɾ a t s] d Occurrences: 24,754 Examples: * fodão: [f ɔ d ɐ̃ w̃] * danse: [d ɐ̃ s i] * dasa: [d a z ɐ] * duras: [d u ɾ ɐ s]		c Occurrences: 2,452 Examples: * raque: [x a c i] * kebir: [c i b i x] * gecy: [ʒ e c i] * etc: [i t c i] ɟ Occurrences: 663 Examples: * segue: [s ɛ ɟ i] * fgts: [ɛ f i ɟ e t e ɛ s i] * cgt: [s e ɟ e t e] * guiei: [ɟ i e j]	k Occurrences: 31,769 Examples: * quaeí: [k w ɐ ɛ i] * raque: [ʁ a k ɨ] * toca: [t ɔ k ɐ] * capuz: [k a p u j s] ɡ Occurrences: 7,022 Examples: * gozo: [ɡ o z u] * gongo: [ɡ õ ɡ u] * segue: [s ɛ ɡ ɨ] * grego: [ɡ ɾ e ɡ u]
Affricate					tʃ Occurrences: 4,709 Examples: * prats: [p ʁ a tʃ] * cuti: [k u tʃ i] * katy: [k a tʃ i] * frete: [f ɾ ɛ tʃ i] dʒ Occurrences: 2,932 Examples: * adad: [a d a dʒ] * dje: [dʒ ɨ] * digam: [dʒ i ɡ ɐ̃ w̃] * dead: [d ɛ dʒ]
Sibilant				s Occurrences: 44,554 Examples: * sum: [s ũ] * prats: [p ɾ a t s] * capuz: [k a p u j s] * seltz: [s ɛ l t ʃ] z Occurrences: 12,650 Examples: * raísa: [x a i z ɐ] * gozo: [ɡ o z u] * dasa: [d a z ɐ] * visar: [v i z a x]	ʃ Occurrences: 37,771 Examples: * capuz: [k ɐ p u ʃ] * seltz: [s ɛ l t ʃ] * jhes: [ʒ ɨ ʃ] * hades: [a ð ɨ ʃ] ʒ Occurrences: 8,260 Examples: * joca: [ʒ ɔ k ɐ] * jhes: [ʒ ɨ ʃ] * juiz: [ʒ u i s] * junho: [ʒ u ɲ u]
Fricative		f Occurrences: 13,084 Examples: * fodão: [f ɔ d ɐ̃ w̃] * aferi: [ɐ f ɨ ɾ i] * safou: [s a f o w] * vofla: [v ɔ f l ɐ] v Occurrences: 17,612 Examples: * visar: [v i z a x] * tvor: [t v o ɾ] * herva: [ɛ ɾ v ɐ] * van: [v ɐ̃]	ð Occurrences: 16,618 Examples: * odo: [o ð u] * ardem: [a ɾ ð ɐ̃ j̃] * hades: [a ð ɨ ʃ] * móda: [m ɔ ð ɐ]					ʁ Occurrences: 9,875 Examples: * retê: [ʁ ɨ t e] * raísa: [ʁ ɐ i z ɐ] * raque: [ʁ a k ɨ] * rírao: [ʁ i ɾ a w]
Approximant	w Occurrences: 12,879 Examples: * youth: [o w t] * quaeí: [k w ɐ ɛ i] * rírao: [ʁ i ɾ a w] * broa: [b ɾ o w ɐ] w̃ Occurrences: 8,511 Examples: * fodão: [f ɔ d ɐ̃ w̃] * orçam: [u ɾ s ɐ̃ w̃] * metam: [m ɨ t ɐ̃ w̃] * rodam: [ʁ ɔ d ɐ̃ w̃]					j Occurrences: 21,694 Examples: * youth: [a j u t ɣ a] * naiá: [n a ɐ j a] * peito: [p e j t u] * capuz: [k a p u j s] j̃ Occurrences: 4,968 Examples: * ardem: [a ɾ ð ɐ̃ j̃] * junho: [ʒ ũ j̃ u] * essem: [ɛ s ɐ̃ j̃] * dalém: [d a l ɐ̃ j̃]
Tap				ɾ Occurrences: 60,106 Examples: * ardem: [a ɾ ð ɐ̃ j̃] * rírao: [ʁ i ɾ a w] * brôôô: [b ɾ o o o] * amera: [a m ɛ ɾ a]
Lateral				l Occurrences: 27,431 Examples: * ali: [ɐ l i] * seltz: [s ɛ l t ʃ] * rolar: [x o l a x] * alane: [a l ɐ ɲ i]		ʎ Occurrences: 4,826 Examples: * ali: [a ʎ i] * lhos: [ʎ u ʃ] * bulha: [b u ʎ ɐ] * selig: [s e ʎ i ɡ]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Oral Vowels#

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i Occurrences: 72,602 Examples: * ipaba: [i p a b ɐ] * ali: [a ʎ i] * quaeí: [k w ɐ ɛ i] * raísa: [x a i z ɐ]	ɨ Occurrences: 34,357 Examples: * retê: [ʁ ɨ t e] * raque: [ʁ a k ɨ] * uarte: [w a ɾ t ɨ] * jhes: [ʒ ɨ ʃ]	u Occurrences: 63,716 Examples: * odo: [o ð u] * youth: [a j u t ɣ a] * peito: [p e j t u] * capuz: [k a p u j s]

Close-Mid	e Occurrences: 24,168 Examples: * retê: [ʁ ɨ t e] * peito: [p e j t u] * obtê: [o b t e] * cachê: [k a ʃ e]		o Occurrences: 20,166 Examples: * odo: [o ð u] * youth: [o w t] * brôôô: [b ɾ o o o] * broa: [b ɾ o a]

Open-Mid	ɛ Occurrences: 11,899 Examples: * péon: [p ɛ õ] * quaeí: [k w ɐ ɛ i] * amera: [a m ɛ ɾ a] * seltz: [s ɛ l t ʃ]		ɔ Occurrences: 8,975 Examples: * toca: [t ɔ k ɐ] * fodão: [f ɔ d ɐ̃ w̃] * obtê: [ɔ b t e] * joca: [ʒ ɔ k ɐ]
		ɐ Occurrences: 71,982 Examples: * naiá: [n a ɐ j a] * ipaba: [i p a b ɐ] * ali: [ɐ l i] * quaeí: [k w ɐ ɛ i]
Open		a Occurrences: 60,277 Examples: * ardem: [a ɾ ð ɐ̃ j̃] * youth: [a j u t ɣ a] * naiá: [n a ɐ j a] * ipaba: [i p a b ɐ]

Nasal Vowels#

	Front	Central	Back
Close	ĩ Occurrences: 8,165 Examples: * inspn: [ĩ s p] * incel: [ĩ s ɛ w] * minho: [m ĩ j̃ u] * impus: [ĩ p u ʃ]		ũ Occurrences: 1,754 Examples: * sum: [s ũ] * zumba: [z ũ b ɐ] * junho: [ʒ ũ j̃ u] * fungo: [f ũ ɡ u]

Close-Mid	ẽ Occurrences: 14,559 Examples: * vencê: [v ẽ s e] * lente: [l ẽ t ɨ] * tente: [t ẽ t ɨ] * homem: [o m ẽ j̃]		õ Occurrences: 8,436 Examples: * péon: [p ɛ õ] * gongo: [ɡ õ ɡ u] * rompe: [x õ p] * trons: [t ɾ õ ʃ]

Open-Mid
		ɐ̃ Occurrences: 21,814 Examples: * ardem: [a ɾ ð ɐ̃ j̃] * fodão: [f ɔ d ɐ̃ w̃] * danse: [d ɐ̃ s i] * orçam: [u ɾ s ɐ̃ w̃]
Open