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Turkish MFA dictionary v2.0.0#

  • Maintainer: Montreal Forced Aligner

  • Language: Turkish

  • Dialect: N/A

  • Phone set: MFA

  • Number of words: 43,305

  • Phones: a aː b bː c cː dʒ dʒː d̪ d̪ː e eː f fː h hː i iː j jː k kː m mː n̪ n̪ː o oː p pː s̪ s̪ː tʃ tʃː t̪ t̪ː u uː v vː y yː z̪ z̪ː ç çː ø øː ŋ œ ɛ ɟ ɡ ɡː ɨ ɪ ɪː ɫ ɫː ɯ ɯː ɰ ɲ ɾ ɾː ʃ ʃː ʊ ʎ ʎː ʏ ʒ

  • License: CC BY 4.0

  • Compatible MFA version: v2.0.0

  • Citation:

@techreport{mfa_turkish_mfa_dictionary_2022,
	author={McAuliffe, Michael and Sonderegger, Morgan},
	title={Turkish MFA dictionary v2.0.0},
	address={\url{https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/pronunciation dictionary/Turkish/Turkish MFA dictionary v2_0_0.html}},
	year={2022},
	month={Mar},
}

G2P models

Acoustic models
../../_images/full_logo_yellow.svg

Installation#

Install from the MFA command line:

mfa model download dictionary turkish_mfa

Or download from the release page.

The dictionary available from the release page and command line installation has pronunciation and silence probabilities estimated as part acoustic model training (see Silence probability format and training pronunciation probabilities for more information. If you would like to use the version of this dictionary without probabilities, please see the plain dictionary.

Intended use#

This dictionary is intended for forced alignment of Turkish transcripts.

This dictionary uses the MFA phone set for Turkish, and was used in training the Turkish MFA acoustic model. Pronunciations can be added on top of the dictionary, as long as no additional phones are introduced.

Performance Factors#

When trying to get better alignment accuracy, adding pronunciations is generally helpful, especially for different styles and dialects. The most impactful improvements will generally be seen when adding reduced variants that involve deleting segments/syllables common in spontaneous speech. Alignment must include all phones specified in the pronunciation of a word, and each phone has a minimum duration (by default 10ms). If a speaker pronounces a multisyllabic word with just a single syllable, it can be hard for MFA to fit all the segments in, so it will lead to alignment errors on adjacent words as well.

Ethical considerations#

Deploying any Speech-to-Text model into any production setting has ethical implications. You should consider these implications before use.

Demographic Bias#

You should assume every machine learning model has demographic bias unless proven otherwise. For pronunciation dictionaries, it is often the case that transcription accuracy and lexicon coverage for the prestige variety modeled in this dictionary compared to other variants. If you are using this dictionary in production, you should acknowledge this as a potential issue.

IPA Charts#

Consonants#

Obstruent symbols to the left of are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

Manner

Labial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Alveopalatal

Palatal

Velar

Glottal

Nasal
Occurrences:
17,544
Examples:
* derim:
[d̪ e ɾ i m]
* demir:
[d̪ e m i ɾ]
* ölmüş:
[ø ʎ m y ʃ]
* aklım:
[a k ɫ ɯ m]
Occurrences:
51
Examples:
* hımm:
[h ɯ mː]
* amman:
[a mː a n̪]
* emme:
[e mː ɛ]
* emmiş:
[e mː i ʃ]
Occurrences:
26,972
Examples:
* konan:
[k o n̪ a n̪]
* ajans:
[a ʒ a n̪ s̪]
* nişan:
[n̪ i ʃ a n̪]
* seven:
[s̪ e v e n̪]
Occurrences:
76
Examples:
* annem:
[a n̪ː e m]
* ninni:
[n̪ i n̪ː ɪ]
* annen:
[a n̪ː e n̪]
* anne:
[a n̪ː ɛ]
Occurrences:
189
Examples:
* engin:
[ɛ ɲ ɟ i n̪]
* günkü:
[ɟ y ɲ c ʏ]
* denge:
[d̪ ɛ ɲ ɟ ɛ]
* dünkü:
[d̪ y ɲ c ʏ]
Occurrences:
205
Examples:
* yonga:
[j o ŋ ɡ a]
* ongun:
[o ŋ ɡ u n̪]
* yankı:
[j a ŋ k ɨ]
* tank:
[t̪ a ŋ k]

Stop
Occurrences:
3,311
Examples:
* bbp:
[b e b e p ɛ]
* dikip:
[d̪ i c i p]
* piç:
[p i tʃ]
* pelin:
[p e ʎ i n̪]
Occurrences:
5
Examples:
* zappa:
[z̪ a pː a]
* züppe:
[z̪ y pː ɛ]
* kappa:
[k a pː a]
Occurrences:
6,146
Examples:
* ibrik:
[i b ɾ i k]
* bilgi:
[b i ʎ ɟ ɪ]
* abdli:
[a b d̪ ʎ ɪ]
* berat:
[b e ɾ a t̪]
Occurrences:
22
Examples:
* kubbe:
[k u bː ɛ]
* abbas:
[a bː a s̪]
* tıbbi:
[t̪ ɯ bː ɪ]
Occurrences:
13,331
Examples:
* berat:
[b e ɾ a t̪]
* vatan:
[v a t̪ a n̪]
* tuzla:
[t̪ u z̪ ɫ a]
* tirit:
[t̪ i ɾ i t̪]
Occurrences:
629
Examples:
* attı:
[a t̪ː ɨ]
* ettin:
[e t̪ː i n̪]
* örttü:
[ø ɾ t̪ː ʏ]
* çattı:
[tʃ a t̪ː ɨ]
Occurrences:
16,587
Examples:
* derim:
[d̪ e ɾ i m]
* demir:
[d̪ e m i ɾ]
* dik:
[d̪ i c]
* abdli:
[a b d̪ ʎ ɪ]
Occurrences:
139
Examples:
* abdde:
[a b d̪ː ɛ]
* redde:
[ɾ e d̪ː ɛ]
* maddi:
[m a d̪ː ɪ]
* addır:
[a d̪ː ɯ ɾ]
Occurrences:
5,935
Examples:
* dik:
[d̪ i c]
* ürkek:
[y ɾ c e c]
* şevk:
[ʃ e v c]
* çörek:
[tʃ ø ɾ e c]
Occurrences:
24
Examples:
* sikke:
[s̪ i cː ɛ]
* ökkeş:
[ø cː e ʃ]
* takke:
[t̪ a cː ɛ]
Occurrences:
3,319
Examples:
* bilgi:
[b i ʎ ɟ ɪ]
* girip:
[ɟ i ɾ i p]
* güneş:
[ɟ y n̪ e ʃ]
* güya:
[ɟ y j a]
Occurrences:
11,219
Examples:
* ibrik:
[i b ɾ i k]
* konan:
[k o n̪ a n̪]
* aklım:
[a k ɫ ɯ m]
* uçak:
[u tʃ a k]
Occurrences:
84
Examples:
* dakka:
[d̪ a kː a]
* akka:
[a kː a]
* hakkı:
[h a kː ɨ]
* okka:
[o kː a]
Occurrences:
678
Examples:
* yonga:
[j o ŋ ɡ a]
* gamlı:
[ɡ a m ɫ ɨ]
* saygı:
[s̪ a j ɡ ɨ]
* algı:
[a ɫ ɡ ɨ]
Occurrences:
2
Examples:

Affricate
Occurrences:
3,644
Examples:
* uçak:
[u tʃ a k]
* çaba:
[tʃ a b a]
* kulaç:
[k u ɫ a tʃ]
* çörek:
[tʃ ø ɾ e c]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
Occurrences:
4,336
Examples:
* cihan:
[dʒ i h a n̪]
* ceviz:
[dʒ e v i z̪]
* cnn:
[dʒ e n̪ e n̪ ɛ]
* clan:
[dʒ ɫ a n̪]
Occurrences:
7
Examples:
* hacca:
[h a dʒː a]

Sibilant
Occurrences:
12,071
Examples:
* sığar:
[s̪ ɯ a ɾ]
* asma:
[a s̪ m a]
* ajans:
[a ʒ a n̪ s̪]
* seven:
[s̪ e v e n̪]
Occurrences:
115
Examples:
* üssü:
[y s̪ː e s̪ e ʏ]
* hissi:
[ç i s̪ː ɪ]
* üsse:
[y s̪ː ɛ]
* ıssız:
[ɯ s̪ː ɯ z̪]
Occurrences:
6,418
Examples:
* arz:
[a ɾ z̪]
* tuzla:
[t̪ u z̪ ɫ a]
* hızlı:
[h ɯ z̪ ɫ ɨ]
* ceviz:
[dʒ e v i z̪]
Occurrences:
14
Examples:
* gazze:
[ɡ a z̪ː ɛ]
Occurrences:
6,959
Examples:
* ölmüş:
[ø ʎ m y ʃ]
* nişan:
[n̪ i ʃ a n̪]
* şevk:
[ʃ e v c]
* işlek:
[i ʃ ʎ e k]
Occurrences:
4
Examples:
* eşşek:
[e ʃː e c]
Occurrences:
251
Examples:
* ajans:
[a ʒ a n̪ s̪]
* tiraj:
[t̪ i ɾ a ʒ]
* lajiç:
[ɫ a ʒ i tʃ]
* jokiç:
[ʒ o k tʃ]

Fricative
Occurrences:
1,789
Examples:
* arefe:
[a ɾ e f ɛ]
* kefil:
[c e f i ʎ]
* zarf:
[z̪ a ɾ f]
* phen:
[f e n̪]
Occurrences:
25
Examples:
* affet:
[a fː e t̪]
* duffy:
[d̪ u fː i]
* öff:
[ø fː]
* iffet:
[i fː e t̪]
Occurrences:
2,841
Examples:
* seven:
[s̪ e v e n̪]
* vatan:
[v a t̪ a n̪]
* avni:
[a v n̪ ɪ]
* şevk:
[ʃ e v c]
Occurrences:
44
Examples:
* evvel:
[e vː e ʎ]
Occurrences:
692
Examples:
* yohei:
[j o ç e ɪ]
* şüphe:
[ʃ y p ç ɛ]
* chp:
[dʒ e ç e p ɛ]
* hekim:
[ç e c i m]
Occurrences:
7
Examples:
* sıhhi:
[s̪ ɯ çː ɪ]
Occurrences:
2,646
Examples:
* havlu:
[h a v ɫ ʊ]
* cihan:
[dʒ i h a n̪]
* hızlı:
[h ɯ z̪ ɫ ɨ]
* sulh:
[s̪ u ɫ h]
Occurrences:
13
Examples:
* ahhh:
[a hː]
* ahha:
[a hː a]
* ahh:
[a hː]
* ohhü:
[o hː ʏ]

Approximant
Occurrences:
14,809
Examples:
* yonga:
[j o ŋ ɡ a]
* eyi:
[e j ɪ]
* ebeyi:
[e b e j ɪ]
* sayan:
[s̪ a j a n̪]
Occurrences:
29
Examples:
* ayyaş:
[a jː a ʃ]
* ayyar:
[a jː a ɾ]
Occurrences:
2,020
Examples:
* sığar:
[s̪ ɯ ɰ a ɾ]
* sağıp:
[s̪ a ɰ ɯ p]
* aşağı:
[a ʃ a ɰ ɨ]
* dağı:
[d̪ a ɰ ɨ]

Tap
Occurrences:
27,092
Examples:
* sığar:
[s̪ ɯ a ɾ]
* ibrik:
[i b ɾ i k]
* derim:
[d̪ e ɾ i m]
* demir:
[d̪ e m i ɾ]
Occurrences:
50
Examples:
* harry:
[h a ɾː i]
* sırrı:
[s̪ ɯ ɾː ɨ]
* şerre:
[ʃ e ɾː ɛ]
* şerri:
[ʃ e ɾː ɪ]

Lateral
Occurrences:
14,836
Examples:
* aklım:
[a k ɫ ɯ m]
* muğla:
[m uː ɫ a]
* tuzla:
[t̪ u z̪ ɫ a]
* kulaç:
[k u ɫ a tʃ]
Occurrences:
379
Examples:
* kolla:
[k o ɫː a]
* all:
[a ɫː]
* pullu:
[p u ɫː ʊ]
* çullu:
[tʃ u ɫː ʊ]
Occurrences:
10,255
Examples:
* ölmüş:
[ø ʎ m y ʃ]
* bilgi:
[b i ʎ ɟ ɪ]
* abdli:
[a b d̪ ʎ ɪ]
* pelin:
[p e ʎ i n̪]
Occurrences:
436
Examples:
* kelle:
[c e ʎː ɛ]
* belli:
[b e ʎː ɪ]
* milli:
[m i ʎː ɪ]
* bill:
[b i ʎː]

Vowels#

Vowel symbols to the left of are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

Front

Near-Front

Central

Near-Back

Back

Close
Occurrences:
23,514
Examples:
* ibrik:
[i b ɾ i k]
* derim:
[d̪ e ɾ i m]
* demir:
[d̪ e m i ɾ]
* dik:
[d̪ i c]
Occurrences:
24
Examples:
* iğne:
[iː n̪ ɛ]
* iğnem:
[iː n̪ e m]
* çiğli:
[tʃ iː ʎ ɪ]
* çiğne:
[tʃ iː n̪ ɛ]
Occurrences:
6,140
Examples:
* ölmüş:
[ø ʎ m y ʃ]
* ürkek:
[y ɾ c e c]
* kütle:
[c y t̪ ʎ ɛ]
* tüh:
[t̪ y h]
Occurrences:
4
Examples:
* düğme:
[d̪ yː m ɛ]
* büğrü:
[b yː ɾ ʏ]
Occurrences:
5,424
Examples:
* attı:
[a t̪ː ɨ]
* hızlı:
[h ɯ z̪ ɫ ɨ]
* aşağı:
[a ʃ a ɨ]
* kızı:
[k ɯ z̪ ɨ]
Occurrences:
20,253
Examples:
* sığar:
[s̪ ɯ a ɾ]
* aklım:
[a k ɫ ɯ m]
* hızlı:
[h ɯ z̪ ɫ ɨ]
* aldık:
[a ɫ d̪ ɯ k]
Occurrences:
17
Examples:
* atığ:
[a t̪ ɯː]
* çığ:
[tʃ ɯː]
Occurrences:
11,488
Examples:
* uçak:
[u tʃ a k]
* tuzla:
[t̪ u z̪ ɫ a]
* kulaç:
[k u ɫ a tʃ]
* sulh:
[s̪ u ɫ h]
Occurrences:
85
Examples:
* muğla:
[m uː ɫ a]
* uğur:
[uː ɾ]
* tuğra:
[t̪ uː ɾ a]
* uğru:
[uː ɾ ʊ]
Occurrences:
4,896
Examples:
* bilgi:
[b i ʎ ɟ ɪ]
* abdli:
[a b d̪ ʎ ɪ]
* derdi:
[d̪ ɛ ɾ d̪ ɪ]
* eyi:
[e j ɪ]
Occurrences:
1
Examples:
* çiğ:
[tʃ ɪː]
Occurrences:
499
Examples:
* gözü:
[ɟ ø z̪ ʏ]
* sürgü:
[s̪ y ɾ ɟ ʏ]
* üssü:
[y s̪ː e s̪ e ʏ]
* türkü:
[t̪ y ɾ c ʏ]
Occurrences:
1,502
Examples:
* havlu:
[h a v ɫ ʊ]
* bursu:
[b u ɾ s̪ ʊ]
* tuzlu:
[t̪ u z̪ ɫ ʊ]
* kumlu:
[k u m ɫ ʊ]

Close-Mid
Occurrences:
25,525
Examples:
* derim:
[d̪ e ɾ i m]
* demir:
[d̪ e m i ɾ]
* arefe:
[a ɾ e f ɛ]
* berat:
[b e ɾ a t̪]
Occurrences:
69
Examples:
* değme:
[d̪ eː m ɛ]
* değdi:
[d̪ eː d̪ ɪ]
* eğri:
[eː ɾ ɪ]
* eğdi:
[eː d̪ ɪ]
Occurrences:
2,718
Examples:
* ölmüş:
[ø ʎ m y ʃ]
* çörek:
[tʃ ø ɾ e c]
* öib:
[ø b]
* öveç:
[ø v e tʃ]
Occurrences:
113
Examples:
* öğle:
[øː ʎ ɛ]
* öğlen:
[øː ʎ e n̪]
* öğren:
[øː ɾ e n̪]
Occurrences:
8,817
Examples:
* yonga:
[j o ŋ ɡ a]
* konan:
[k o n̪ a n̪]
* yohei:
[j o ç e ɪ]
* koy:
[k o j]
Occurrences:
153
Examples:
* oğlak:
[oː ɫ a k]
* oğlan:
[oː ɫ a n̪]
* doğru:
[d̪ oː ɾ ʊ]
* doğsa:
[d̪ oː s̪ a]

Open-Mid
Occurrences:
6,815
Examples:
* arefe:
[a ɾ e f ɛ]
* derdi:
[d̪ ɛ ɾ d̪ ɪ]
* bbp:
[b e b e p ɛ]
* bende:
[b e n̪ d̪ ɛ]
Occurrences:
4
Examples:
* dtö:
[d̪ e t̪ e œ]
* fetö:
[f e t̪ œ]
* fkö:
[f e c e œ]

Open
Occurrences:
47,475
Examples:
* sığar:
[s̪ ɯ a ɾ]
* yonga:
[j o ŋ ɡ a]
* attı:
[a t̪ː ɨ]
* konan:
[k o n̪ a n̪]
Occurrences:
407
Examples:
* dağda:
[d̪ aː d̪ a]
* bağla:
[b aː ɫ a]
* ağla:
[aː ɫ a]
* yağlı:
[j aː ɫ ɨ]
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